| 1. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed analyzes of the relation between childhood BMIand gain in height during puberty, separated into different Components
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: We have previously found that childhood BMI is inversely related to pubertal height gain: overweight/obese children of both genders have less specific pubertal height gain. The QEPS-model (describing total growth in height as a combination of four mathematical functions), can be used for calculation of estimates of pubertal growth. Growth in height during puberty can be described as a combination of continuous ongoing growth, Q(ES), and a specific pubertal growth function, P. Objectives: To investigate the importance of when overweight/obesity starts during childhood in relation to subsequent growth in height during puberty; and to study the relationship between childhood BMI and pubertal growth functions from the QEPS-model in greater detail than previously presented. Material/Methods: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg 1990 birth cohort, with growth data from birth until adult height was analyzed, using the QEPS-model. Individual BMI-SDS values, from 3.5–8.0 years of age (n = 1901) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses (normal /underweight, NwUw, overweight/obese, OwOb), based on the IOTF 2012 reference2. Relationships between childhood-BMI and total pubertal height gain were considered according to P-function and Q(ES)-function. Results: We found no significant difference in pubertal height gain depending on when in childhood the BMI-SDS peaked, in either sex. In general, the total pubertal growth in girls depended more on the continuous Q(ES)-function than P-function and this balance was shifted towards less P-function with higher BMI-SDS, especially for Ob girls (figure, left). NwUw boys had pubertal gain mostly from the P-function, for the Ow boys the pattern was more mixed and for Ob boys all had less P- than Q(ES)-function (figure, right). Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that the reduced pubertal gain in height for OwOb children is not related to when during childhood the BMI peaked. For both genders, the pubertal gain shifted to less specific pubertal growth (P) and relatively more continuous growth (Q(ES)) with higher BMI-SDS.
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| 2. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Insight into human pubertal growth by applying the QEPS growth model.
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computerized mathematical models describing absolute and relative individual growth during puberty in both cm and standard deviation (SD)-scores are lacking. The present study aimed to fill this gap, by applying the QEPS-model that delineates mathematically the specific pubertal functions of the total growth curve.Study population used was the individual growth curves of the longitudinally followed cohort GrowUp1974 Gothenburg (n=2280). The QEPS-model describes total height as (T)otal-function: a combination of four shape-invariant growth functions, modified by time-scale and height-scale parameters: a (Q)uadratic-function for the continuous growth from fetal life to adulthood; a negative (E)xponential-function adds the rapid, declining fetal/infancy growth; a (P)ubertal-function the specific pubertal growth spurt; a (S)top-function the declining growth until adult height. A constructed variable, MathSelect, was developed for assessing data-quality. CIs and SD-scores for growth estimates were calculated for each individual. QEPS-model estimates used for pubertal growth; from the T-function: onset of puberty as minimal height velocity (AgeT ONSET ); mid-puberty as peak height velocity (AgeT PHV ); end of puberty as height velocity decreased to 1cm/year (AgeT END ); duration of different intervals and gain (AgeT ONSET-END and Tpubgain); from the P-function: onset of puberty, estimated as growth at 1% or 5% (AgeP1 , AgeP5); mid-puberty as 50% (AgeP50) and PHV (AgeP PHV ); end of pubertal growth at 95 or 99% (AgeP95, AgeP99); duration of different intervals and pubertal gain (Ppubgain; P max ); from the QES-function: gain (QESpubgain) . RESULTS: Application of these mathematical estimates for onset, middle and end of puberty of P-function, QES-function, and T-function during puberty showed: the later the onset of puberty, the greater the adult height; pubertal gain due to the P-function growth was independent of age at onset of puberty; boys had higher total gain during puberty due to P-function growth than to QES-function growth; for girls it was reversed.QEPS is the first growth model to provide individualized estimates of both the specific pubertal growth function and the total growth during puberty, with accompanying SD-scores and Cis for each individual. These QEPS-derived estimates enable more in-depth analysis of different aspects of pubertal growth than previously possible.
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| 3. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Pubertal height gain is inversely related to peak BMI in childhood.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 81:3, s. 448-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundChildhood BMI may influence subsequent growth in height as well as the timing of puberty. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between BMI in childhood and subsequent height gain/pubertal growth.MethodsLongitudinal growth data were used (GrowUp1990 Gothenburg cohort, n=1901). The QEPS growth-model was used to characterize height gain in relation to the highest BMISDS value between 3.5 and 8 years of age. Children were defined as overweight/obese (OwOb) or normal weight/underweight (NwUw), using the 2012 International Obesity Task Force criteria.ResultsA negative association between childhood BMISDS and pubertal height gain was observed. Already at birth, OwOb children were heavier than NwUw children, and had a greater height velocity during childhood. Onset of puberty was 3.5/3.0 months earlier in OwOb girls/boys, and they had 2.3/3.1cm less pubertal height gain from the QEPS-models specific P-function than NwUw children. Adult height was not related to childhood BMI.ConclusionWe found that pubertal height gain was inversely related to peak BMI in childhood. Higher childhood BMISDS was associated with more growth before onset of puberty, earlier puberty and less pubertal height gain, resulting in similar adult heights for OwOb and NwUw children.
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| 4. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The Specific Pubertal Height Gain is Higher in Boys as Well as in Children with Lower BMISDS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Growth in height during puberty can be described by the QEPS-model as a combination of continuous basal growth, QES, and a specific pubertal growth function, P. Objective and hypotheses: To study the relationship between childhood BMISDS and the prepubertal gain and pubertal gain related to growth functions from the QEPS-model. Method: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg 1990 birth cohort, was analyzed, by the QEPS-model. Individual maximal BMISDS values, from 3.5–8.0 years of age (n=1901) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses, underweight (blue cross), normal (blue open circles), overweight (red open circles), obese (red circles). Results: For girls (Figure left), total pubertal gain (Tpubgain) depended more on QESgain during puberty. For boys, total pubertal gain depended more on specific Pgain (Figure right). With higher BMISDS this balance was shifted towards less Pgain for both girls and boys. Before puberty, children with higher BMISDS were taller, expressed as higher QESgain, with a linear correlation over the whole BMI–range (P<0.001for both girls/ boys). Conclusion: During puberty, girls grew more due to the QES than the P functions, with opposite findings in boys. For both boys and girls, there were less Pgain and more QES- gain with higher childhood BMISDS. Before puberty, children with higher BMISDS were taller.
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| 5. |
- Oyenusi, Elizabeth E., et al.
(författare)
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Hyperglycemia in Acutely Ill Non-diabetic Children in the Emergency Rooms of 2 Tertiary Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pediatric emergency care. - 0749-5161 .- 1535-1815. ; 32:9, s. 608-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in sick children admitted into the emergency rooms and to investigate its relationship with adverse outcomes. Methods A prospective study involving 2 tertiary hospitals in Lagos. Study subjects included all children aged beyond 1 month. An Accu-Chek Active glucometer was used for the bedside blood glucose determination. Hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose greater than 7.8 mmol/L. Results A total of 1045 patients were recruited with hyperglycemia being recorded in 135 patients (prevalence rate of 12.9%). Mean age of the hyperglycemic patients was 29.0 31.23 months. Prevalence rates of hyperglycemia among the leading diagnoses were 17.4% in acute respiratory tract infections, 11% in malaria, 15.3% in septicemia, 14.9% in gastroenteritis, and 18.2% in burns. Other conditions include sickle cell anemia, meningitis, and malnutrition. Mortality rate was significantly higher overall in hyperglycemic compared with the normoglycemic patients (15.4% vs 8.0%, P = 0.011). With regard to specific diagnoses, significantly higher mortality rates were recorded in hyperglycemic patients with acute respiratory tract infections (28% vs 8%, P = 0.011) and malaria (21.4% vs 5.0%, P = 0.006) than in their normoglycemic counterparts. Conclusions Hyperglycemia is common in ill children admitted to the emergency rooms and is associated with 2 to 4 times higher mortality in common childhood diseases encountered. Blood glucose determination is important in all acutely ill children at presentation. The practice of empirical administration of intravenous glucose in some resource-constrained facilities where blood glucose testing facilities are not readily available should be discouraged.
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