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| 2. |
- Arnäs, Per-Olof, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Behov och nyttor av transporter med hög kapacitet (HCT) inom olika branscher och för olika varuslag - En förstudie inom ramen för FoI-programmet High Capacity Transports
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High Capacity Transports (HCT) är ett samlingsbegrepp för transporter med fordon som har högre kapacitet än vad som normalt är tillåtet med befintligt regelverk. Denna förstudie är en del av det FoI-program för HCT som initierades av Trafikverket under hösten 2011. Syftet med denna förstudie är att identifiera vilka typer av transporter som kan vara lämpliga för HCT-ekipage i Sverige. Det finns ett antal olika dimensioner som är av intresse: •Varuslag. Går det att identifiera vissa varuslag eller branscher som särskilt lämpade för HCT-transporter? •Varuflöden. Går det att identifiera regioner och/eller stråk som tack vare sin volym vore intressanta för HCT-transporter? •Fordonstyper. Finns det vissa fordonstyper som är särskilt intressanta? •Begränsningar. Hur ser infrastrukturen ut? Finns det begränsningar som skulle hindra ett införande av HCT? Av praktiska skäl är studien begränsad till svensk vägburen inrikestrafik då det är inom detta segment som data finns tillgänglig. Volymer som lastas/lossas i till exempel hamnar räknas som inrikestrafik inom landet. Slutsatsen är att inom rätt varusegment kan HCT vara ett mycket bra alternativ för varuägaren: •Malm och andra produkter från utvinning. Korta avstånd, ofta lokalt vägnät, tidsbegränsat och med kort varsel. Stor potential men kräver snabb och effektiv tillståndsprocess. •Livsmedel, drycker och tobak. Stora, stabila flöden, ofta på stora vägar. Här kan HCT systematiseras i större skala. •Produkter från jordbruk, skogsbruk. Stora fordon som lastar mycket gods och kör långa avstånd. Att just rundvirke (som utgör majoriteten av godset i gruppen) lämpar sig för HCT är redan ett faktum i och med ETT-projektet. Dessa transporter sker ofta på mindre vägar vilket kan utgöra problem. •Trä och varor av trä och kork (exkl. möbler). Stora, långa flöden, i detta fall främst av flis, papper och sågade trävaror. Även här kan mindre vägar bli aktuella. Ytterligare ett varuslag, Styckegods och samlastat gods, bedöms som synnerligen intressant. Detta är dock en benämning som endast är relevant inom transportbranschen då begreppet kan omfatta många typer av varuslag. Dock skall nämnas att införandet av HCT en komplex process med många ingående intressenter och domäner. Värt att notera är också att detta endast är en förstudie som har, med ett begränsat dataunderlag, visat på trolig potential för HCT i Sverige. Dock finns det flera aspekter som behöver utredas vidare, till exempel: •Möjliga affärsmodeller och praktiskt genomförbara upplägg behöver tas fram. •Systemeffekter av HCT (”modal shift”) behöver utredas ytterligare. •Trafiksäkerhetsaspekterna behöver utredas vidare •IT-system för accesshantering, övervakning och styrning behöver vidareutvecklas och testas i stor skala
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural validation of a simple self-report instrument of physical activity in immigrants from the Middle East and native Swedes.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:3, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate cross-cultural validity of a simple self-report instrument of physical activity intended to be used in Swedish health care. Methods: A validation study performed in 599 Iraqis (58% men) and 553 Swedes (53% men) aged 30-75 years living in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The self-report instrument by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare was compared to corresponding measures assessed from accelerometry as reference. Results: The agreement between the methods in assessing the participants as sufficiently/insufficiently physically active (cut-point 150 min/week) was 65% in the Iraqis and 52% in the Swedes (p<0.001). The proportion disagreement where the self-reported physical activity was sufficient but insufficient according to the accelerometry was 26% and 45% in Iraqis and Swedes, respectively. Physical activity time (min/week) was overestimated by self-report compared to accelerometry by 71% in the Iraqis and 115% in the Swedes (p<0.001). The smallest and largest overestimation was seen in Iraqi (57%) and Swedish (139%) women, respectively. The deviation of the self-report instrument compared to accelerometry was related to the physical activity level, as the overestimation mainly occurred at lower physical activity. Conclusions: The self-report instrument proposed by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare may overestimate the proportion sufficiently physically active, but to an extent depending on cultural background and gender.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood Walkability, Income, and Hour-by-Hour Physical Activity Patterns.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 1530-0315. ; 45:4, s. 698-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate both the mean daily physical activity and the hour by hour physical activity pattern across the day using accelerometry, and how they are associated with neighborhood walkability and individual income. METHODS: Moderate physical activity (MPA) was assessed by accelerometry in 2,252 adults in the City of Stockholm, Sweden. Neighborhood walkability (residential density, street connectivity, land use mix) was objectively assessed within 1,000m network buffers around the participants´ residence and individual income was self-reported. RESULTS: Living in a high walkability neighborhood was associated with more mean daily MPA compared with living in a low walkability neighborhood on weekdays and weekend days. Hour by hour analyses showed that this association appeared mainly in the afternoon/early evening during weekdays, while it appeared across the middle of the day during weekend days. Individual income was associated with mean daily MPA on weekend days. On weekdays, the hour by hour analyses showed that high income was associated with more MPA around noon and in late afternoon/early evening, while low income was associated with more MPA at the hours before noon and in the early afternoon. During the weekend, high income was more consistently associated with higher MPA. CONCLUSIONS: Hour by hour accelerometry physical activity patterns provides a more comprehensive picture of the associations between neighborhood walkability and individual income and physical activity and the variability of these associations across the day.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity and Concordance between Objective and Perceived Walkability.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 1530-0315. ; 44, s. 280-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:: To investigate concordance between objective and perceived neighborhood walkability, their associations with self-reported walking and objective physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals in neighborhoods with objectively assessed high walkability who misperceive it as low. METHODS:: In 1,925 individuals aged 20-66 years, recruited from administrative areas in the city of Stockholm, Sweden, of both high and low neighborhood walkability, objective neighborhood walkability was assessed within a 1,000m radius of each individual's residential address using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Perceived walkability was based on the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). Walking was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and total physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by an accelerometer (ActiGraph). Sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. RESULTS:: Objective and perceived neighborhood walkability agreed in 67.0% of the individuals, with kappa=0.34 (95% CI: 0.30-0.38). One-third of the individuals in neighborhoods with objectively assessed high walkability misperceived it as low. This non-concordance was more common among older and married/cohabiting individuals. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, high objective neighborhood walkability was associated with 35.0 (95% CI: 14.6-64.6) and 10.5 (95% CI: -5.2-28.5) more minutes/week of walking for transportation and leisure, respectively, and 2.8 (95% CI: 0.9-5.0) more minutes/day of MVPA. High perceived neighborhood walkability was associated with 41.5 (95% CI: 15.8-62.9) and 21.8 (95% CI: 2.8-40.0) more minutes/week of walking for transportation and leisure, respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI: -0.3-3.7) more minutes/day of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS:: Objective and perceived neighborhood walkability both contribute to the amount of walking and objective physical activity. Both measures of neighborhood walkability may be important factors to target in interventions aiming at increasing physical activity.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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A hydrogeological study of the Nhandugue River, Mozambique – A major groundwater recharge zone
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 1474-7065. ; 36:14-15, s. 789-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nhandugue River flows over the western margin of the Urema Rift, the southernmost extension of the East African Rift System, and marks the north-western border of Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. It constitutes one of the major indispensable water resources for the ecosystem that the park protects. Our study focused on the hydrogeological conditions at the western rift margin by resistivity measurements, soil sampling and discharge measurements. The resistivity results suggest that the area is heavily faulted and constitutes a major groundwater recharge zone. East of the rift margin the resistivity indicate that solid gneiss is fractured and weathered, and is overlain by sandstone and alluvial sediments. The top 10-15 m of the alluvial sequence is interpreted as sand. The sand layer extends back to the rift margin thus also covering the gneiss. The sandstone outcrops a few kilometers from the rift margin and dips towards east/south-east. Further into the rift valley, the sand is underlain by lenses of silt and clay on top of sand mixed with finer matter. In the lower end of the investigated area the lenses of silt and clay appears as a more or less continuous layer between the two sand units. The topmost alluvial sand constitutes an unconfined aquifer under which the solid gneiss forms a hydraulic boundary and the fractured gneiss an unconfined aquifer. The sandstone is an unconfined aquifer in the west, becoming semi-confined down dip. The lenses of silt and clay forms an aquitard and the underlying sand mixed with finer matter a semi-confined aquifer. The surface runoff decreases downstream and it is therefore concluded that surface water infiltrates as recharge to the aquifers and moves as groundwater in an east/south-eastward direction.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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A hydrogeological study of the Nhandugue River, Mozambique - A major groundwater recharge zone
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procs. WaterNet 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nhandugue River flows over the western margin of the Urema Rift, the southernmost extension of the East African Rift System, and marks the north-western border of Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. It constitutes one of the major indispensable water resources for the ecosystem that the park protects. Our study focused on the hydrogeological conditions at the western rift margin by resistivity measurements, soil sampling and discharge measurements. The resistivity results suggest that the area is heavily faulted and constitutes a major groundwater recharge zone. East of the rift margin the resistivity indicate that solid gneiss is fractured and weathered, and is overlain by sandstone and alluvial sediments. The top 10-15 m of the alluvial sequence is interpreted as sand. The sand layer extends back to the rift margin thus also covering the gneiss. The sandstone outcrops a few kilometers from the rift margin and dips towards east/south-east. Further into the rift valley, the sand is underlain by lenses of silt and clay on top of sand mixed with finer matter. In the lower end of the investigated area the lenses of silt and clay appears as a more or less continuous layer between the two sand units. The topmost alluvial sand constitutes an unconfined aquifer under which the solid gneiss forms a hydraulic boundary and the fractured gneiss an unconfined aquifer. The sandstone is an unconfined aquifer in the west, becoming semi-confined down dip. The lenses of silt and clay forms an aquitard and the underlying sand mixed with finer matter a semi-confined aquifer. The surface runoff decreases downstream and it is therefore concluded that surface water infiltrates as recharge to the aquifers and moves as groundwater in an east/south-eastward direction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Lars, 1964-
(författare)
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Från mål till måltid : Implementeringen av det politiska målet om 25 procent ekologisk mat i offentlig sektor år 2010– en fallstudie kring skolmaten i Växjö
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the implementation of a political aim – formulatedfrom a context of sustainable development. In 2006 both the Swedish national Parliament andthe municipality of Växjö (among others) stated that 25% of publically served food wouldstem from organic production by the end of 2010. The thesis investigates the outcome of theimplementation of this policy in a local perspective - looking at one part of the public sectorby focusing on four differently organized schools within Växjö municipality. School food in Sweden has a specific institutional setting. It holds the almost unique statusas a non-charged, legal right to all pupils in the compulsory school system. School food as apublic good is affected by the EU legislation of public procurement. The thesis studies theoverall institutional framework (i.e. legislation and regulations) fundamental to school food.With the institutional framework in mind the thesis also describes different organizationalactivities connected to school food. Thus the thesis involves four geographical levels: Theregional (EU), the national, the local and the individual level. The latter is defined in theorganized context from a number of individual professionals. Some of these individuals arefurther considered as so called street level bureaucrats – officials sandwiched between superiorsand their clients. The thesis builds a conceptual framework based on institutional, organizational and streetlevel theory together with policy analysis. Methodologically the thesis is formed around andcarried out as a local case study through a number of semi-structured qualitative interviews.The empirical and analytical part of the thesis is further structured around the three theoreticalconcepts. From the thesis´ purpose three guiding questions were outlined. The main implications of the thesis are that a number of factors were found to be involvedin the policy implementation. The most significant factors for the policy implementation arefirstly the formulation of the political goal, and secondly the individual professionals actuallybuying the food for the schools. As long as the policy of the school food is non-forcing (i.e. anaverage aim of the public sector, and not included in the legislation) the final outcome of thefood depends on the decisions made by the buyer. There is disagreement of the policy intention and of whether organic food is more sustainablethan other food. Thus I end the thesis by suggesting a change of concepts if the politicalaim is to reach sustainability. I encourage a system to control the food´s total ecological footprint.This would be achieved by formulating the policy around a suggested level of the ecologicalfootprint. The level would be calculated and set where experts say it´s in accordancewith sustainable development. From this the street level bureaucrats can sum up the componentsof the lunch they buy and serve. No matter if the individual product is labeled organic,local, conventional, or… This would – according to me – improve the chances for Växjö actually to live up to itslogo: the greenest city in Europe. At least this idea could awake a debate.
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| 9. |
- Ekström, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Fathers’ feelings and experiences during pregnancy and childbirth : A qualitative study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing & Care. - : OMICS Group. - 2167-1168. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fathers feel excluded and insecure during childbirth and professional support for fathers can be inadequate. Therefore it is important to further understand fathers experience in order to develop professional support and to create a positive childbirth experience for both fathers and their partners.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore fathers’ feelings and experiences during pregnancy and childbirth.Materials and Methods: A qualitative method was used, with written interviews which were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Participants were eight fathers who wrote answers to two open questions.Results: The theme “Fathers have strong, mixed feeling while striving to become prepared and to participate during pregnancy and childbirth” crossed over into all the four categories: Being prepared gave security, Feeling needed, Feeling strong, mixed feelings during pregnancy, and Feeling strong, mixed feelings during childbirth. Fathers’ previous experiences from childbirth facilitated being prepared and increased sense of security.Conclusion: It was important for fathers to be prepared and to feel needed and to witness the birth of their baby was fantastic. Overall, the fathers were faced with handling their strong but mixed feelings while striving to prepare for and participate in pregnancy and childbirth.Implications: Healthcare professionals need to acknowledge that fathers have needs of their own during pregnancy and childbirth. Fathers also worry about the woman and the baby so they need explanations about normal changes as well as possible complications.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Availability of exercise facilities and physical activity in 2,037 adults: cross-sectional results from the Swedish neighborhood and physical activity (SNAP) study
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exercise facilities may have the potential to promote physical activity among residents, and to support an active lifestyle throughout the year. We investigated the association between objectively assessed availability of exercise facilities and objectively assessed physical activity outcomes, and whether time of year had a modifying effect on these associations. Methods: A total of 2,037 adults (55% females) wore an accelerometer for seven days. Time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes per day) and meeting the physical activity recommendations (yes/no) were used as outcome variables. Availability of exercise facilities was measured within 1,000-meter line-based road network buffers around participants' residential addresses using Geographic Information Systems. Socio-demographic variables and time of year were included as covariates in the analyses. Results: Participants with >= 4 exercise facilities within their buffer zones spent 5.4 (confidence interval (CI) = 2.3-8.5) more minutes in moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, and had 69% higher odds (OR = 1.69; CI = 1.39-2.05) of meeting the physical activity recommendations, compared to those with no exercise facilities within their buffer zones. Time of year had no modifying effect on these associations. Conclusions: Our results show that objective availability of exercise facilities was associated with accelerometer-assessed time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity and the odds of meeting the recommended levels of physical activity. Neighborhoods may be a logical and potentially significant venue for policy interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in the overall population.
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