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| 2. |
- Beusch, Peter, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Critical reflections and future developments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Accounting for sustainability/ edited by Gunnar Rimmel. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367478957 ; , s. 192-201
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Carrera-Bastos, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Randomised controlled trial of lifestyle interventions for abdominal obesity in primary health care
- 2024
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Ingår i: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Assess effects on waist circumference from diet with or without cereal grains and with or without long-term physical exercise.Background: Elevated waist circumference is an indicator of increased abdominal fat storage and is accordingly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This is likely due to the association between lifestyle-induced changes in waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors. Reductions in waist circumference may be facilitated by diet without cereal grains combined with long-term physical exercise.Methods: Two-year randomised controlled trial with factorial trial design in individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease with increased waist circumference. Participants were allocated diet based on current Swedish dietary guidelines with or without cereal grains (baseline diet information supported by monthly group sessions) and with or without physical exercise (pedometers and two initial months of weekly structured exercise followed by written prescription of physical activity) or control group. The primary outcome was the change in waist circumference.Findings: The greatest mean intervention group difference in the change in waist circumference among the 73 participants (47 women and 26 men aged 23-79 years) was at one year between participants allocated a diet without cereal grains and no exercise and participants allocated a diet with cereal grains and no exercise [M = -5.3 cm and -0.9 cm, respectively; mean difference = 4.4 cm, 4.0%, 95% CI (0.0%, 8.0%), P = 0.051, Cohen's d = 0.75]. All group comparisons in the change in waist circumference were non-significant despite the greatest group difference being more than double that estimated in the pre-study power calculation. The non-significance was likely caused by too few participants and a greater than expected variability in the change in waist circumference. The greatest mean intervention group difference strengthens the possibility that dietary exclusion of cereal grains could be related to greater reduction in waist circumference.
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| 4. |
- Choong, Oi Kuan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 replicates and displays oncolytic properties in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently causing a global pandemic. Infection may result in a systemic disease called COVID-19, affecting primarily the respiratory tract. Often the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys also become involved. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The membrane proteins, Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) are accessory proteins facilitating the virus entry. In this study we show that the human proximal kidney tubules, express these factors. We hypothesized that cancers derived from proximal tubules as clear cell (CCRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), retain the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors making these cancers susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used bioinformatics, western blotting, and assessment of tissue micro arrays (TMA) including 263 cases of CCRCC, 139 cases of PRCC and 18 cases of chromophobe RCC to demonstrate that the majority of CCRCC and PRCC cases retained the RNA and protein expression of the entry factors for SARS-CoV-2. We furthermore show that SARS-CoV-2 virus propagated robustly in primary cultures of CCRCC and PRCC cells with a visible virus cytopathogenic effect correlating with viral RNA expression levels. We also noted that the delta-variant of SARS-CoV-2 causes cancer cells to form syncytia in-vitro. This phenomenon was also identified histologically in CCRCC tissue from a patient that had been hospitalized for COVID-19, twelve months prior to nephrectomy. Our data provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in renal cell carcinoma and that the virus causes a distinct cytopathogenic effect.
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| 5. |
- Holmström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Economic incentives for preserving biodiverse semi-natural pastures with calves from dairy cows
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal for Nature Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1617-1381 .- 1618-1093. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economical profitability of pasture-based beef production is necessary for continued maintenance of semi-natural pastures. In a situation of decreased cattle stocks, there is a potential to castrate male calves from dairy cows and raise them as grazing steers instead of intact bulls reared indoors, which is the common way in the Nordic countries. We examined the profitability in model enterprises with either grazing steers or indoor bulls. Within the two genders (steer and bull), there were animals of two breed types (pure dairy breed and dairy x beef crossbreed), which were divided into an intensive or extensive production system. The intensive steer system had one summer on grass and slaughter at 21 months of age whereas the extensive steer system had two summers on grass and slaughter at 28 months of age. All bulls were reared indoors and slaughtered at 15 or 18 months of age. The profitability was calculated as contribution margin (CM; sigma revenues - sigma variable costs) in three different herd sizes (50, 100 and 150 slaughtered animals per year) and in three different regions in Sweden (the southern forest districts Gsk, the southern plain districts Gns, and the lower parts of the northern Nn). In the basic calculation, CM for all steers in large herds with 150 slaughtered animals per year was above zero for all cases in Gns, and for one case in Nn and in Gsk respectively. However, all steer cases had lower CM than the comparable bull system in the basic calculation. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate several possible ways of increasing the competitiveness of the grazing steers, compared to the bulls. Utilization of buildings without opportunity cost resulted in a CM above zero for all cases. Increasing the proportion of semi-natural pastures rendering high agrienvironmental payment and support was another effective mean. Decreasing the winter feed cost and labour demand on pasture reduced the costs, whereas producing premium-price certified pasture beef increased the revenue, all measures further contributing to an improved profitability. Pasture-based beef production from dairy-born steers can be economically viable, especially in large herds and with extensive production systems. Thereby, we conclude this system to has a potential to graze large areas of semi-natural pastures and thereby conserve their biodiversity and cultural values.
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| 6. |
- Jirlow, Unni, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Miethke M.scio Device Implantation for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Patients with Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Neurosurgery. - : Elsevier. - 1878-8750 .- 1878-8769. ; 179, s. E63-E74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with complex shunt-related problems and varying diagnoses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disturbance can present with headache and clinical symptoms that may be difficult to relate to underdrainage or overdrainage. Telemetric intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring may assist in evaluating individual patients and assessing shunt function and adjustment. We report a case series of patients receiving a Miethke M.scio sensor.METHODS: Between June 2016 and August 2021, 14 patients older than 18 years with different diagnoses underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and received a Miethke M.scio sensor.RESULTS: Patients had idiopathic intracranial hyper-tension (n = 3), obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors (n = 4), and malformations (n = 5). Headaches (71%) and visual impairment (50%) were the most common symptoms before surgery and 65% of the symptoms were improved after surgery. In total, 25 measurements were made and 11 of these led to changes in the shunt settings. Postoperative measurements were taken in 8 patients and the most common indication of ICP measurement was headache and/or control of the shunt settings.CONCLUSIONS: The Miethke M.scio is a safe and valuable device to use in shunt-treated patients, in particular those expected to need assessment of ICP monitoring postoperatively. Repeated ICP measurements can also assist in personalized adjustment of the shunt setting to optimize CSF flow in this diverse patient group. Future studies should include a standardized protocol with ICP measurements correlated to the symptoms and cause of CSF disturbances to provide better understanding of the dynamics of the ICP in each patient.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of point-of-care ultrasound in breast imaging using deep learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2023 : Computer-Aided Diagnosis - Computer-Aided Diagnosis. - 2410-9045 .- 1605-7422. - 9781510660359 ; 12465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early detection of breast cancer is important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Access to breast imaging is limited in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. This contributes to advance-stage breast cancer presentation with poor survival. Pocket-sized portable ultrasound device, also known as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), aided by decision support using deep learning-based algorithms for lesion classification could be a cost-effective way to enable access to breast imaging in low-resource settings. A previous study, where using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to classify breast cancer in conventional ultrasound (US) images, showed promising results. The aim of the present study is to classify POCUS breast images. A POCUS data set containing 1100 breast images was collected. To increase the size of the data set, a Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) was trained on US images to generate synthetic POCUS images. A CNN was implemented, trained, validated and tested on POCUS images. To improve performance, the CNN was trained with different combinations of data consisting of POCUS images, US images, CycleGAN-generated POCUS images and spatial augmentation. The best result was achieved by a CNN trained on a combination of POCUS images and CycleGAN-generated POCUS images and augmentation. This combination achieved a 95% confidence interval for AUC between 93.5% - 96.6%.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Machine learning algorithm for classification of breast ultrasound images
- 2022
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2022 : Computer-Aided Diagnosis - Computer-Aided Diagnosis. - : SPIE. - 9781510649422 ; 12033
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer globally. Early detection is important for reducing the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different machine learning models to classify malignant or benign lesions on breast ultrasound images. Three different convolutional neural network approaches were implemented: (a) Simple convolutional neural network, (b) transfer learning using pre-trained InceptionV3, ResNet50V2, VGG19 and Xception and (c) deep feature networks based on combinations of the four transfer networks in (b). The data consisted of two breast ultrasound image data sets: (1) an open, single-vendor, data set collected by Cairo University at Baheya Hospital, Egypt, consisting of 437 benign lesions and 210 malignant lesions, where 10% was set to be a test set and the rest was used for training and validation (development) and (2) An in-house, multi-vendor data set collected at Unilabs Mammography Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden, consisting of 13 benign lesions and 265 malignant lesions, was used as an external test set. Both test sets were used for evaluating the networks. The performance measures used were area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and weighted accuracy. Holdout, i.e. the splitting of the development data into training and validation data sets just once, was used to find a model with as good performance as possible. 10-fold cross-validation was also performed to provide uncertainty estimates. For the transfer networks which were obtained with holdout, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping was used to generate heat maps indicating which part of the image contributed to the network’s decision. For 10-fold cross-validation it was possible to achieve a mean AUC of 92% and mean sensitivity of 95% for the transfer network based on Xception when testing on the first data set. When testing on the second data set it was possible to obtain a mean AUC of 75% and mean sensitivity of 86% for the combination of ResNet50V2 and Xception.
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