| 1. |
- Rusak, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Wind and trophic status explain within and among‐lake variability of algal biomass
- 2018
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 3:6, s. 409-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within‐lake variation in biomass using high‐frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high‐frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within‐lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high‐frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.
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| 2. |
- Hampton, Stephanie E., et al.
(författare)
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Ecology under lake ice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 20:1, s. 98-111
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
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| 3. |
- Sharma, Sapna, et al.
(författare)
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A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Macmillan Publishers Limited. - 2052-4463. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985–2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.
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| 4. |
- O’Reilly, Catherine M., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 42:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean = 0.34°C decade−1) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factors—from seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72°C decade−1) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53°C decade−1). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Arvola Orlander, A., et al.
(författare)
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Towards an Understanding of Diffractive Readings of Narratives in the Field of Science Education
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cultural, Social and Political Prespectives in Science Education. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer International Publishing AG. - 1879-7229 .- 1879-7237. - 9783319611907 ; , s. 139-152
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we seek to challenge the positivistic and traditional way of doing research in the field of science education by turning to posthuman approaches to analyse our data. Feeling trapped in doing research where objects are regarded as having inherent boundaries and fixed properties, we have read data with and through a feminist materialist lens. We are curious to understand how posthuman approaches to explore ways of doing research can be mobilized using Karen Barad’s and Donna Haraway’s theories of diffractive reading. Our aim has been to open up the data to diffract it for new images and thereby to trouble the human centred and objective perspectives of doing research. Instead of taking a distance from our objects of research the diffractive reading has meant that we have infiltrated with our data, a student text and an excerpt from a classroom observation. We have allowed the data to influence us as well as the other way around and thus regarded the research objects as equivalent to ourselves in terms of agency. What came out of this way to tackle our research material is partly a different view of ourselves as scientists and the research objects as having agency, a more intrinsic, emotionally influenced and embodied view. We have got hold of our prejudices and exposed them instead of trying to pretend that they do not exist. Thereby we have taken ethical responsibility in this transparency as well as when seeing the “object” as equally active and meaning making as ourselves. Emotions have been brought to the surface and been used, since we cannot pretend that we are a mind without a body as the Cartesian thought stipulates and which natural science is still leaning on. We think that using the diffractive reading tool from a material feminist perspective has given us insights that would not have been possible to get when taking the anthropocentric and positivistic perspective. It has also proven to be a more honest and thereby more ethical alternative compared to the positivistic version. We have got a better scientific description of the world, a view from somewhere that Haraway asks for (1991).
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