| 1. |
- Alfredsson, Veronica, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Avslutning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Använd rummet : högskolepedagogiska metoder för aktiva lärosalar. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144157795 ; , s. 364-378
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Asker, Noomi, et al.
(författare)
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Regional övervakning 2021 : Metaller och organiska miljögifter i abborre
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under hösten 2021 genomförde Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland en undersökning med syfte att studera spridning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i regionen samt att samla in data inför statusklassingen inom vattenförvaltningscykel 4 (2022–2027). Abborrar fångades in från elva utvalda sjöar med kända eller misstänkta påverkanskällor. Samlingsprover bestående av muskel analyserades med avseende på högfluorerade ämnen (PFAS/PFOS), dioxiner och dioxinlika föreningar, polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB), bromerade flamskyddsmedel (PBDE) samt kvicksilver. Arsenik, bly, kadmium, koppar, krom, nickel och zink analyserades i samlingsprover från lever.Uppmätta halter jämfördes mot gränsvärden och bedömningsgrunder inom vattenförvaltningen (HVMFS 2019:25). Resultaten visar att halterna av det perfluorerade ämnet PFOS låg över gränsvärdet inom vattenförvaltningen i fem av elva sjöar. Högst var halterna i abborre från Lilla Issjön och Västra Ingsjön där halterna låg ca åtta gånger över gränsvärdet inom vattenförvaltningen. I Bottensjön och Guttasjön uppmättes PFOS i halter som översteg gränsvärdet ca två–tre gånger. Halten PFOS i abborre från Landvettersjön låg strax över gränsvärdet inom vattenförvaltningen.Kvicksilverhalten låg över gränsvärdet i biota inom vattenförvaltningen i samtliga sjöar. Även det bromerade flamskyddsmedlet PBDE översteg gränsvärdet inom vattenförvaltningen i åtta av de elva sjöarna. Dessa resultat stödjer den bedömning inom vattenförvaltningen som klassar samtliga svenska vattenförekomster med sämre än god status med avseende på kvicksilver och PBDE.Uppmätta halter av dioxiner och dioxinlika föreningar låg under gränsvärdet i biota inom vattenförvaltningen i abborre från de elva undersökta sjöarna. Inga halter av PCB översteg bedömningsgrunden förutom i abborre från Guttasjön där halten låg strax över.Summan av de uppmätta halterna för PFAS-förningarna PFOS, PFOA, PFNA samt PFHxS (PFAS4) jämfördes även mot Livsmedelsverkets temporära åtgärdsnivå för PFAS4 i egenfångad fisk (Livsmedelsverket, 2023 a). Detta gjordes för att avgöra om en utökad undersökning bör initieras med fisk i konsumtionsstorlek för alla de arter som fångas och konsumeras regelbundet av fritidsfiskare. I fem sjöar låg halterna för PFAS4 över denna temporära åtgärdsnivå för egenfångad fisk.För metaller där gränsvärden inom vattenförvaltningen saknas gjordes en jämförelse mot halter i abborre från referenssjöar analyserade inom Naturvårdsverkets nationella övervakning av miljögifter och metaller i limnisk biota. Dessa referenssjöar har liten lokal mänsklig påverkan och uppmätta halter anses därför beskriva den generella bakgrundsbelastningen av miljögifter i fisk. Resultaten visar att de uppmätta halterna av vissa metaller i abborre låg över de halter som uppmätts inom den nationella övervakningen av abborre. Detta gäller arsenik i Vassbotten och Åsunden, bly i Östra Ingsjön och Landvettersjön samt krom och nickel i abborrar från Landvettersjön.
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| 5. |
- Birgersson, Lina, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid function and immune status in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from lakes contaminated with PFASs or PCBs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environment contains a multitude of man-made chemicals, some of which can act as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), while others can be immunotoxic. We evaluated thyroid disruption and immunotoxic effects in wild female perch (Perca fluviatilis) collected from two contaminated areas in Sweden; one site contaminated with perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and two sites contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with one reference site included for each area. The hepatic mRNA expression of thyroid receptors alpha and beta, and the thyroid hormone metabolising iodothyronine deiodinases (dio1, dio2 and dio3) were measured using real-time PCR, while the levels of thyroid hormone T3 in plasma was analysed using a radioimmunoassay. In addition, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes were counted microscopically. Our results showed lower levels of T3 as well as lower amounts of lymphocytes and granulocytes in perch collected from the PFAS-contaminated site compared to reference sites. In addition, expressions of mRNA coding for thyroid hormone metabolising enzymes (dio2 and dio3) and thyroid receptor alpha (thra) were significantly different in these fish compared to their reference site. For perch collected at the two PCB-contaminated sites, there were no significant differences in T3 levels or in expression levels of the thyroid-related genes, compared to the reference fish. Fish from one of the PCB-contaminated sites had higher levels of thrombocytes compared with both the second PCB lake and their reference lake; hence PCBs are unlikely to be the cause of this effect. The current study suggests that lifelong exposure to PFASs could affect both the thyroid hormone status and immune defence of perch in the wild.
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| 6. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the effects of textile leachates in fish using multiple testing methods: From gene expression to behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The textile industry, while of major importance in the world economy, is a toxic industry utilizing and emitting thousands of chemical substances into the aquatic environment. The aim of this project was to study the potentially harmful effects associated with the leaching of chemical residues from three different types of textiles: sportswear, children’s bath towels, and denim using different fish models (cell lines, fish larvae and juvenile fish). A combination of in vitro and in vivo test systems was used. Numerous biomarkers, ranging from gene expression, cytotoxicity and biochemical analysis to behavior, were measured to detect effects of leached chemicals. Principle findings indicate that leachates from all three types of textiles induced cytotoxicity on fish cell lines (RTgill-W1). Leachates from sportswear and towels induced mortality in zebrafish embryos, and chemical residues from sportswear reduced locomotion responses in developing larval fish. Sportswear leachate increased Cyp1a mRNA expression and EROD activity in liver of exposed brown trout. Leachates from towels induced EROD activity and VTG in rainbow trout, and these effects were mitigated by the temperature of the extraction process. All indicators of toxicity tested showed that exposure to textile leachate can cause adverse reactions in fish. These findings suggested that chemical leaching from textiles from domestic households could pose an ecotoxicological threat to the health of the aquatic environment.
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| 8. |
- Frenzilli, Giada, et al.
(författare)
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Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Induce Endocrine and Chromosomal Alterations in Brown Trout
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphenol A is a widely used compound found in large amount of consumer products. As concerns have been raised about its toxicological and public health effect, the use of alternatives to bisphenol A are now increasing. Bisphenol S is one of the analogues being used as a replacement for bisphenol A despite the fact that little is known about the effects of bisphenol S on living organisms. In this study, we investigated the potential endocrine and genotoxic effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). The fish were exposed to the compounds for either 2 weeks or 8 weeks via sustained-release cholesterol implants containing doses of 2 mg/kg fish or 20 mg/kg fish of the substances. The effects on the thyroid hormone levels and the estrogenic disrupting marker vitellogenin were evaluated, along with the genotoxic markers micronucleated cells and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities. An increase in plasma vitellogenin was observed in fish exposed to the high dose of bisphenol A for 2 weeks. At this experimental time the level of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in plasma was elevated after bisphenol S exposure at the high concentration, and paralleled by an increase of micronucleated cells. Moreover, bisphenol A induced an increase of micronuclei frequency in fish erythrocytes after the exposure at the lowest dose tested. Taken together the results indicate that both bisphenol A and its alternative bisphenol S cause endocrine disrupting and genotoxic effects in brown trout, although suggesting two different mechanisms of damage underlying bisphenol A and bisphenol S activity.
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| 9. |
- Kanwischer, Marion, et al.
(författare)
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Substances of emerging concern in Baltic Sea water: Review on methodological advances for the environmental assessment and proposal for future monitoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51, s. 1588-1608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is among the most polluted seas worldwide. Anthropogenic contaminants are mainly introduced via riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition. Regional and international measures have successfully been employed to reduce concentrations of several legacy contaminants. However, current Baltic Sea monitoring programs do not address compounds of emerging concern. Hence, potentially harmful pharmaceuticals, UV filters, polar pesticides, estrogenic compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or naturally produced algal toxins are not taken into account during the assessment of the state of the Baltic Sea. Herein, we conducted literature searches based on systematic approaches and compiled reported data on these substances in Baltic Sea surface water and on methodological advances for sample processing and chemical as well as effect-based analysis of these analytically challenging marine pollutants. Finally, we provide recommendations for improvement of future contaminant and risk assessment in the Baltic Sea, which revolve around a combination of both chemical and effect-based analyses.
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| 10. |
- Näslund, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Naproxen affects multiple organs in fish but is still an environmentally better alternative to diclofenac
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Author(s) The presence of diclofenac in the aquatic environment and the risks for aquatic wildlife, especially fish, have been raised in several studies. One way to manage risks without enforcing improved wastewater treatment would be to substitute diclofenac (when suitable from a clinical perspective) with another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) associated with less environmental risk. While there are many ecotoxicity-studies of different NSAIDs, they vary extensively in set-up, species studied, endpoints and reporting format, making direct comparisons difficult. We previously published a comprehensive study on the effects of diclofenac in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Our present aim was to generate relevant effect data for another NSAID (naproxen) using a very similar setup, which also allowed direct comparisons with diclofenac regarding hazards and risks. Sticklebacks were therefore exposed to naproxen in flow-through systems for 27 days. Triplicate aquaria with 20 fish per aquarium were used for each concentration (0, 18, 70, 299 or 1232 μg/L). We investigated bioconcentration, hepatic gene expression, jaw lesions, kidney and liver histology. On day 21, mortalities in the highest exposure concentration group unexpectedly reached ≥ 25 % in all three replicate aquaria, leading us to terminate and sample that group the same day. On the last day (day 27), the mortality was also significantly increased in the second highest exposure concentration group. Increased renal hematopoietic hyperplasia was observed in fish exposed to 299 and 1232 μg/L. This represents considerably higher concentrations than those expected in surface waters as a result of naproxen use. Such effects were observed already at 4.6 μg/L in the experiment with diclofenac (lowest tested concentration). Similar to the responses to diclofenac, a concentration-dependent increase in both relative hepatic gene expression of c7 (complement component 7) and jaw lesions were observed, again at concentrations considerably higher than expected in surface waters. Naproxen bioconcentrated less than diclofenac, in line with the observed effect data. An analysis of recent sales data and reported concentrations in treated sewage effluent in Sweden suggest that despite higher dosages used for naproxen, a complete substitution would only be expected to double naproxen emissions. In summary, naproxen and diclofenac produce highly similar effects in fish but the environmental hazards and risks are clearly lower for naproxen. Hence, if there are concerns for environmental risks to fish with diclofenac, a substitution would be advisable when naproxen presents an adequate alternative from a clinical point-of-view.
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