| 1. |
- Sjödin, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Binding of 14C-labeled food mutagens (IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx) by dietary fiber in vitro.
- 1985
-
Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 50:6, s. 1680-1684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Binding of three mutagens, known to occur in fried or broiled foods, by thirteen different types of dietary fiber was investigated in vitro. Nonspecific binding by other food polymers was minimized by using protease and amylase treatment. Water‐insoluble fiber components were responsible for most of the binding capacity. Generally, a slightly larger proportion of 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo [4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ) than of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo [4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo] ‐4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was bound. There was a significant correlation between Klason lignin content and binding of mutagens. Optimum pH for binding was between 4 and 6. Dietary fiber from sorghum had the highest binding capacity, which could be due to the presence of a large Klason lignin fraction.
|
|
| 2. |
- Asp, Nils Georg, et al.
(författare)
-
Enzyme resistant starch fractions and dietary fibre
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 22:S129, s. 29-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starch fractions that are more or less enzyme resistant may behave like dietary fibre, both physiologically and analytically. Ungelatinized granules from potatoes, high amylose maize and green bananas are poorly digested. Starch made resistant to amylase due to new covalent bindings, formed at heat treatment or present in starch derivatives used as food additives, may also be more or less undigestible. "Resistant starch" present in bread and corn flakes is probably retrograded amylose. It is undigestible in the small intestine, but readily degraded by the large bowel microflora. Amylose-lipid complexes seem to be completely absorbed in spite of their resistance to amylase degradation in vitro. Since undigestible starch fractions behave physiologically like non-starch polysaccharides, they should be included in the dietary fibre concept. "Resistant starch" is analysed as glucose based fibre with all current methods except one, which includes an initial DMSO solubilization step.
|
|
| 3. |
- Björck, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
On the digestibility of starch in wheat bread - studies in vitro and in vivo
- 1986
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - 0733-5210. ; 4:1, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digestibility of starch in white wheat bread was studied. Raw wheat starch and raw wheat flour were used as reference materials. The extent of digestion and absorption in vivo was evaluated through balance experiments in rats given test diets with and without addition of the antibiotic, Nebacitin, to reduce the fermentation in the hind-gut. As judged from a high faecal recovery of dietary fibre constituents in rats fed a wheat flour diet with Nebacitin, this drug significantly reduced the microbial activity in the hind-gut. Only minute amounts of starch could be detected in faeces of rats whether Nebacitin was present or not, indicating that pure wheat starch as well as starch in wheat bread and raw wheat flour was almost completely digested and absorbed in the rat small intestine. However, during baking, a fraction of the starch (0·6%–0·9%, dry basis) was rendered resistant to enzyme digestion in vitro unless solubilised in KOH. This modified starch fraction also remained undigested in vivo, but was readily metabolised by the hind-gut microorganisms, thus having physiological properties similar to those of dietary fibre. It is therefore recommended that resistant starch formed during baking (i.e. that rendered resistant to enzymic digestion as measured in vitro) should be regarded as dietary fibre rather than as dietary starch.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kanje, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Estramustine Phosphate on the Assembly of Isolated Bovine Brain Microtubules and Fast Axonal Transport in the Frog Sciatic Nerve
- 1985
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 45:5, s. 2234-2239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estramustine phosphate (0.01 to 0.5 nriM), an estradiol mustard derivative used in the therapy of prostatic carcinoma, inhibited the assembly of brain microtubule proteins in vitro and disassembled preformed microtubules. In the presence of estramustine phosphate, the minimum microtubule-protein concentration sufficient for the assembly of microtubules was increased. Low concentrations of taxoi (20 μM) completely reversed the inhibition of assembly by estramustine phosphate. The effects were specific to estramustine phosphate since neither estradiol 170-phosphate, the hormonal moiety of the drug, nor nornitrogen mustard, the alkylating moiety, had any effect on assembly. Estramustine phosphate (0.1 to 0.5 HIM) was also found to reversibly inhibit fast axonal transport in the frog sciatic nerve. The nerve content of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate was not significantly affected by estramustine phosphate. Our results suggest that the cytotoxic action of estramustine phosphate could be dependent partially on an interaction with microtubules, probably via the microtubule-associated proteins.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nair, Baboo M., et al.
(författare)
-
Binding of mineral elements by some dietary fibre components-in vitro (I)
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 23:4, s. 295-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of copper, cadmium and zinc ions to some soluble and gelforming types of dietary fibre (guar gum, low and high methoxylated pectin and sterculia gum) has been investigated potentiometrically. Considerable binding was found to low methoxylated pectin, but the binding to sterculia gum and high methoxylated pectin was less pronounced. The binding to guar gum was negligible. Thus, the formation of complexes seemed to be due to the proportion of free carboxyl groups. The amount of added metal bound to sterculia gum was proportional to the fibre concentration, whereas the pectins showed increased binding at higher fibre concentrations. This was possibly due to intermolecular interactions between the polymers and metal ions. The order of complex formation ability to the fibres investigated was different for different metals. To low methoxylated pectin the order Cu>Zn ≫ Cd was observed.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Nyman, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract of rats - a comparison of flours with different extraction rates from six cereals
- 1985
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - 0733-5210. ; 3:3, s. 207-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fermentation of dietary fibre in wheat, rye, barley, sorghum, rice and maize was investigated in balance experiments with rats. Two different extraction rates, 100% and approximately 65%, were investigated for each cereal grain. In the case of maize, whole maize, and dehulled maize that had been ground and sieved so that it contained mainly endosperm, were investigated. Except for sorghum, dietary fibre in low-extraction flours was fermented to a greater extent than that in whole-grain flours. The sugar monomer compositions of the fibres at low and high extraction rates were similar for wheat and rye, but their susceptibilities to fermentation by bacterial enzymes were quite different. This indicates that a high proportion of soluble fibre and a low content of lignin improves the fermentability of the fibre. Further, barley, rice and sorghum fibre in refined flours, all of which consisted mainly of non-lignified glucans, were fermented more extensively when the proportion of soluble fibre was high. Addition of cellulose to diets containing wheat flour did not change the susceptibility of the wheat fibre to bacterial fermentation. Starch was demonstrated in faeces from rats fed wheat, sorghum and whole-grain rye flours. This starch represented 17–61 % of the total faecal glucan, but constituted less than 1% of the starch intake.
|
|
| 9. |
- Persson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Binding of mineral elements by some dietary fibre components-In vitro (II)
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 26:2, s. 139-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of some fibre preparations (soluble fibre fractions of wheat bran and whole-grain wheat bread-dough, a bulk-laxative-Inolaxol-and cellulose) to bind copper (II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions has been studied using a potentiometric method. Soluble fibre fractions of wheat bran and whole-grain wheat bread-dough, in which most of the phytate was present, interacted strongly with the metal ions. Incubation of these fractions with phytase reduced the complexing ability, indicating the active ligand to be phytate. Inolaxol (a bulk laxative containing about 80% Sterculia gum) also bound a considerable amount of the three metals, which could not be explained by the Sterculia gum itself. The complexing ability of cellulose was negligible.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
