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- Attoff, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Acrylamide affects proliferation and differentiation of the neural progenitor cell line C17.2 and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y
- 2016
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Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-2333 .- 1879-3177. ; 35, s. 100-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxic compound and people get exposed to the compound by food consumption and environmental pollutants. Since acrylamide crosses the placenta barrier, the fetus is also being exposed resulting in a risk for developmental neurotoxicity. In this study, the neural progenitor cell line C17.2 and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y were used to study proliferation and differentiation as alerting indicators for developmental neurotoxicity. For both cell lines, acrylamide reduced the number of viable cells by reducing proliferation and inducing cell death in undifferentiated cells. Acrylamide concentrations starting at 10 fM attenuated the differentiation process in SH-SY5Y cells by sustaining cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth was reduced at concentrations from 10 pM. Acrylamide significantly reduced the number of neurons starting at 1 mu M and altered the ratio between the different phenotypes in differentiating C17.2 cell cultures. Ten micromolar of acrylamide also reduced the expression of the neuronal and astrocyte biomarkers. Although the neurotoxic concentrations in the femtomolar range seem to be specific for the SH-SY5Y cell line, the fact that micromolar concentrations of acrylamide seem to attenuate the differentiation process in both cell lines raises the interest to further investigations on the possible developmental neurotoxicity of acrylamide.
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| 2. |
- Attoff, Kristina, 1985-
(författare)
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In vitro developmental neurotoxicity of acrylamide
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The number of children with neurodevelopmental disorders is increasing worldwide which makes it a public concern. Exposure to environmental chemicals has been reported as a source of developmental neurotoxicity. There is also an increase in the number of chemicals reaching the global market each year and currently there are thousands of substances that have not yet been tested for developmental neurotoxicity. The current developmental neurotoxicity testing guidelines are time consuming, expensive, require a lot of animals and have relatively low sensitivity understanding for the mechanisms of toxicology. The field of developmental neurotoxicity testing is in need of a paradigm shift to the use of alternative in vitro methods capable of testing and screening large number of substances. The next generation developmental neurotoxicity testing will consist of both in silico and in vitro testing that has to be used in a combined fashion so that it will generate a more rapid and efficient toxicity testing. The methods need to be standardized between laboratories so that reproducible data can be obtained. Simple endpoints will simply not be enough for in vitro developmental neurotoxicity testing models. Rather, a battery of more refined endpoints that pinpoints the specific toxicity of a compound, discriminate between different neural subpopulations and different stages of neural differentiation is crucial for success. The use of mRNA biomarkers could be a good example of such an endpoint, and have been suggested to be valuable in detecting developmental neurotoxicity. This thesis will give a broad overview of different alternative in vitro models for developmental neurotoxicity. Developmental neurotoxicity of acrylamide was investigated by using selected cell models and endpoints. Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxic compound and most people get exposed to the compound by food consumption and from environmental pollutants. Since acrylamide crosses the placenta barrier, the fetus is also being exposed and the risk for adverse effects in the developing nervous system is overwhelming. The neural progenitor cell line C17.2 and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y were used to study proliferation and differentiation as indicators for developmental neurotoxicity. The reduced neurite outgrowth in the SH-SY5Y cell model occurred at up to seven orders of magnitude lower than what have been previously shown for different neural cell systems. Acrylamide also affected the differentiation process in both neurons and glia cells in the C17.2 cell line. We show that acrylamide attenuated neural differentiation at seven orders of magnitude lower concentrations than the estimated plasma concentration of free acrylamide in the fetus. The fact that low concentrations seem to delay the differentiation process in both cell lines, raises cause for an alarm for developmental neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide.
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