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| 3. |
- Duell, Eric J, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 94:5, s. 1266-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The association between alcohol consumption and GC has been investigated in numerous epidemiologic studies with inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between alcohol consumption and GC risk. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective analysis in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, which included 444 cases of first primary gastric adenocarcinoma. HRs and 95% CIs for GC were estimated by using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression for consumption of pure ethanol in grams per day, with stratification by smoking status, anatomic subsite (cardia, noncardia), and histologic subtype (diffuse, intestinal). In a subset of participants, results were further adjusted for baseline Helicobacter pylori serostatus. RESULTS: Heavy (compared with very light) alcohol consumption (≥60 compared with 0.1-4.9 g/d) at baseline was positively associated with GC risk (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.58), whereas lower consumption amounts (<60 g/d) were not. When we analyzed GC risk by type of alcoholic beverage, there was a positive association for beer (≥30 g/d; HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.73) but not for wine or liquor. Associations were primarily observed at the highest amounts of drinking in men and limited to noncardia subsite and intestinal histology; no statistically significant linear dose-response trends with GC risk were observed. CONCLUSION: Heavy (but not light or moderate) consumption of alcohol at baseline (mainly from beer) is associated with intestinal-type noncardia GC risk in men from the EPIC cohort.
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| 4. |
- Glynn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated PCB metabolites and pentachlorophenol during pregnancy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 83:2, s. 144-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied pregnancy-related changes in serum concentrations of five polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, CB 118, CB 138, CB 153, CB 156, CB 180), three hydroxylated PCB metabolites (4-OH-CB107, 4-OH-CB146, 4-OH-CB187), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Median serum lipid content increased 2-fold between early (weeks 9-13) and late pregnancy (weeks 35-36) (N = 10). whereas median PCB levels in serum lipids decreased 20-46%, suggesting a dilution of PCB concentrations in serum lipids. Nevertheless, strong positive intra-individual correlations (Spearman's r = 0.61-0.99) were seen for PCBs during the whole study period. Thus, if samples have been collected within the same relative narrow time window during pregnancy, PCB results from one single sampling occasion can be used in assessment of relative differences in body burdens during the whole pregnancy period. Concentrations of OH-PCBs in blood serum tended to decline as pregnancy progressed, although among some women the concentrations increased at the end of pregnancy. Positive intra-individual correlations (r = 0.66-0.99) between OH-PCB concentrations were observed during the first and second trimester, whereas correlations with third trimester concentrations were more diverging (r = -0.70-0.85). No decline in PCP concentrations was observed during pregnancy and no significant correlations were found between concentrations at different sampling periods. Our results suggest that for both OH-PCBs and PCP, sampling has to be more specifically timed depending on the time period during pregnancy that is of interest. The differences in patterns of intra- and inter-individual variability of the studied compounds may be due to a combination of factors, including lipid solubility, persistence of the compounds, distribution in blood, metabolic formation, and pregnancy-related changes in body composition and physiological processes.
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| 5. |
- Glynn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Nonylfenol och bisfenol A i blod från ammande kvinnor från Uppsalatrakten
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka kroppsbelastningen av industrikemikaliernanonylfenol (NP) och bisfenol A (BPA) bland unga kvinnor i Sverige. BPA, NP, och ennärbesläktat substans (oktylfenol, OP), samt NP- och OP-etoxylater, analyserades med hjälpav LC-MS-MS i blodserum från 100 ammande förstföderskor från Uppsalatrakten. Fritt NPöver analysmetodens kvantifieringsgräns (LOD: 0,5 ng/g serum) hittades hos 43 % avstudiedeltagarna, medan mätbara halter av totalt NP observerades hos 39 % (LOD: 0,8 ng/gserum). Motsvarande procenttal för BPA var 27 % och 22 %. Andelen fritt NP i förhållandetill totalt NP var 84 % (median, range: 42-112 %) bland deltagarna som hade kvantifierbarahalter av både fritt och totalt NP (N=35). För BPA var motsvarande siffra 76 % (49-109 %)(N=17). Ett parvist t-test visade att halterna av fritt NP och BPA var signifikant lägre änhalterna av totalt NP (p<0,001) och BPA (p<0,001). En stark korrelation mellan halten av frittoch totalt NP (Spearmans r=0,86, p<0,001) och BPA (r=0,75, p<0,001) observerades. Frittoch totalt OP detekterades hos endast 5 kvinnor i nivåer mellan 0,56 ng/g serum och 1,07 ng/gserum. Alla kvinnor hade halter av etoxylater av NP och OP som låg under LOD (OPE1O: 0,2ng/g; OPE2O:0,02 ng/g; NPE1O:0,7 ng/g; NPE2O:0,1 ng/g). En signifikant högretotalkonsumtion av frukt och grönt observerades bland deltagare med NP-halter på eller överLOD. Fler deltagare än förväntat med halter av BPA på eller över LOD bodde i bostäder sombyggts senare än 1999. Sammanfattningsvis så antyder resultaten att det finns en pågåendeexponering av konsumenterna för NP och BPA som är tillräckligt hög för att fritt NP ochBPA ska kunna detekteras hos en del konsumenter. Svaren på enkätfrågorna pekar ut nyarebostadshus som en möjlig exponeringskälla för BPA, medan konsumtion av frukt ochgrönsaker kan vara en källa för NP-exponering. Resultaten får dock anses varahypotesbildande eftersom studien är liten och att NP- och BPA-halterna i de flesta fallen lågunder eller endast lite över analysmetodens LOD.
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| 7. |
- Glynn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Blood Serum from Primiparous Women in Sweden : Serial Sampling during Pregnancy and Nursing, And Temporal Trends 1996-2010
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:16, s. 9071-9079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated temporal trends of blood serum levels of 13 perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) in primiparous women (N = 413) from Uppsala County, Sweden, sampled 3 weeks after delivery 1996-2010. Levels of the short-chain perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) increased 11%/y and 8.3%/y, respectively, and levels of the long-chain perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) increased 4.3%/y and 3.8%/y, respectively. Concomitantly, levels of FOSA (22%/y), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 8.4%/y), perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS, 10%/y), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 3.1%/y) decreased. Thus, one or several sources of exposure to the latter compounds have been reduced or eliminated, whereas exposure to the former compounds has recently increased. We explored if maternal levels of PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA during the early nursing period are representative for the fetal development period, using serial maternal serum samples, including cord blood (N = 19). PFAA levels in maternal serum sampled during pregnancy and the nursing period as well as in cord blood were strongly correlated. Strongest correlations between cord blood levels and maternal levels were observed for maternal serum sampled shortly before or after the delivery (r = 0.70-0.89 for PFOS and PFOA). A similar pattern was observed for PFNA, although the correlations were less strong due to levels close to the method detection limit in cord blood.
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| 8. |
- Glynn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Regional differences in levels of chlorinated and brominated pollutants in mother's milk from primiparous women in Sweden.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment international. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6750 .- 0160-4120. ; 37:1, s. 71-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early life exposure to halogenated persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the DDT metabolite p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDE), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), may affect human health. We determined if there are regional differences in mother's milk levels of these compounds in Sweden. In year 2000-2004, milk was sampled from 204 randomly recruited primiparas from four regions of Sweden. Levels of the compounds were measured by gas chromatography with dual electron-capture detectors. Women were recruited at delivery in three hospitals located in urban areas in southern and central Sweden (Lund, Gothenburg and Uppsala), and in one hospital located in a more rural area in northern Sweden (Lycksele). Information about dietary habits and medical/life-style factors were collected by questionnaires. Among PCB congeners, CB 153, CB 138 and CB 180 showed the highest median concentrations (18-48 ng/g mother's milk lipid), whereas more than 50% of the women had CB 52, CB 101, CB 114, and CB 157 levels below the LOQ (0.3-1.5 ng/g lipid). Median p,p'-DDE levels were in the range of 46-78 ng/g lipid. BDE 47 showed the highest median concentrations (1-2 ng/g lipid) among the brominated compounds, whereas more than 50% of the women had levels of BDE 28, BDE 66, BDE 138, BDE 154, and HBCD below the LOQ (0.05-0.10 ng/g lipid). Regional differences in median organohalogen compound concentrations were small, less than 2-fold. Lycksele women generally had the lowest levels of Σmono-and Σdi-ortho PCBs, mainly due to a lower average age. In contrast, these women had higher tetra- to penta-brominated PBDE levels, but no diet or life-style factor could explain this finding. Wide ranges of PBDEs and HBCD levels (up to 200-fold) were found, especially in the Lycksele area. The highest levels of PBDE were in the range of average levels found in mother's milk from North America, suggesting that food may not be the only source of exposure to PBDEs among some individuals.
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| 9. |
- Gyllenhammar, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl acids in serum from nursing women living in an area in Sweden with drinking water contamination
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under perioden 1996 till 2011 har Livsmedelsverket samlat in blodserum från förstföderskor i Uppsala län. Ett av syftena med studierna är att undersöka hur halterna av vissa persistenta organiska miljögifter (POP) förändras med tiden. I denna rapport utvärderas blodserumnivåer för 14 perfluoroalkylsyror; (PFAA) varav tio perfluoroalkylkarboxylsyror (PFCA), fyra perfluoroalkansulfonsyror (PFSA) och perfluorooktansulfonamiden FOSA , från prover tagna 1996-1999 och 2008-2011 (n=297). Syftet med studien var att utvärdera om det finns signifikanta skillnader i blodnivåer av PFAA mellan kvinnor som bor inom olika områden i Uppsala stad, för att därigenom försöka bedöma om dricksvattenexponering påverkar nivåerna av PFAA i blod. Undersökningar av PFAA i grundvattenbrunnar och dricksvatten i Uppsala har tidigare visat att kontaminerat vatten främst distribuerats till de södra delarna av Uppsala. Kontaminerade brunnar har nu tagits ur produktion. Högre blodnivåer av perflurohexansulfonsyra (PFHxS) och perfluorbutansulfonsyra (PFBS) hittades i främst det södra området av Uppsala, både 1996-1999 (ej PFBS) och 2008-2011, vilket tyder på att konsumtion av dricksvatten är en viktig källa för exponering. Halterna av PFHxS var i allmänhet högre i Uppsala stad 2008-2011 än 1996-1999, men ej bland deltagare boende utanför Uppsala. Liknande resultat sågs för PFBS, vilket antyder att kontaminerat dricksvatten ligger bakom de ökande blodhalter av substanserna som tidigare observerats i Uppsala. Vi såg också samband mellan fiskkonsumtion och ökade nivåer av PFOS från kvinnor 2008-2011, vilket indikerar att fiskkonsumtion som exponeringskälla har ökat i betydelse sen 1990-talet.
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| 10. |
- Kärrman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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PFAAs in matched milk and serum from primipara women
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to assess the association between serum and milk levels of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in humans. Individual milk and serum samples from fifty (50) primipara women in Uppsala, Sweden, were collected in 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2011. PFAAs were analysed in milk and serum using in-house validated methods and quality control protocols. PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS were detected in 98-100% of the milk and serum samples in the concentration order PFOS>PFHxS>PFOA. PFBuS, PFHpA, and PFDA were detected in 12-64% of the milk and serum samples. PFNA and PFUnDA were detected at high frequency but low levels in serum and were consequently less frequently detected in milk. PFOS and PFHxS showed a stronger correlation between serum and milk levels compared to PFOA. The regression slope with 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the association between serum and milk levels. The level of PFOS in milk is 1.4 ± 0.25% of the corresponding maternal serum level. For PFHxS the interval is 1.4 ± 0.33% and for PFOA 2.6 ± 1.1%. The temporal trends (2004-2011) observed are similar in serum and milk.
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