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- Aune, Ragnhild E., et al.
(författare)
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Thermophysical properties of silicate slags
- 2002
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Ingår i: JOM. - 1047-4838 .- 1543-1851. ; 54:11, s. 62-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimization of metallurgical processes requires reliable data of the slag phase. This paper focuses on three properties that are relevant to heat and mass-transfer calculations-viscosities, thermal diffusivities, and surface tensions of silicate melts. A brief account of the experimental techniques used for the measurements of these properties, with special reference to the work carried out in the Division of Metallurgy, Royal Institute Of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, are presented, along with the advantages and limitations. As these properties are structure-oriented, the impact of structure on these properties is also presented. The paper is intended as a state-of-the-art review of the subject.
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- Aune, Ragnhild E., et al.
(författare)
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Viscosities and Gibbs energies : On a common structural base
- 2004
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Ingår i: High Temperature Materials and Processes. - 0334-6455 .- 2191-0324. ; 22:5/6, s. 369-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper reviews the extensive work carried out with respect to the modeling of viscosities of high temperature melts carried out in the Division of Metallurgy, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden. This work was inspired to a great extent by a past collaboration with Professor Ken Mills at Imperial College, London, UK. A thermodynamic approach based on Richardson's theory of ideal mixing of silicates, was used to predict the viscosities of binary silicates. The second derivative of In eta with respect to composition was used to predict the setting of ordering in a homogeneous silicate melt during cooling as it approaches the liquidus temperature. The paper clearly demonstrates the powerfulness of the thermodynamic approach to physical properties of high temperature melts.
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- Hong, V. V., et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogenation studies of Nd2Fe17 alloys
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 327:04-feb, s. 404-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present investigation, the kinetics of nitrogenation of Nd2Fe17 alloys were studied in order to optimize the magnetic properties of the pure Nd2Fe17 alloy by the introduction of nitrogen interstitials. The nitrogenation kinetics was followed in the temperature interval 1173-1473K by the use of the thermogravimetric (TG) technique. The nitrogenated alloys were prepared from a Nd2Fe17 master alloy by heat treating in different partial pressures of nitrogen under well-controlled conditions. The results of the TG experiments showed that there was an initial incubation time before the onset of nitrogenation. The length of the incubation period was found to be a function of temperature and the partial pressure of nitrogen in the gas. The nitrogen used was of high purity (99.9999% N-2). The gas purification system adopted in the present work could effectively remove traces of reducing as well as oxidizing impurity gases in the system. In order to remove the traces of CO, CH4 and H-2, (as well as other hydrocarbons) if present, the gas was passed through a column of Cu turnings kept at 973 K. The lower portion of the Cu column was surface oxidized. The reducing gases got oxidized passing through this column and CO2 and H2O were formed. Further, the oxygen impurity in the gas (ca. 10(-2) Pa) could react with the remaining reducing gases. These products were absorbed by columns of ascarite and dehydrite, respectively. Remaining oxygen impurity in the gas could then be removed by passing the gas through a furnace containing Mg turnings at 773 K. The rate of nitrogen uptake after this period was found to increase with increasing temperature. After an initial rapid nitrogenation period, the reaction rate was found to slow down, possibly due to nitrogen atoms diffusing into the bulk. The reaction was found to be rapid, and the incubation time was conspicuously absent, when nitrogen gas was used without the purification steps mentioned earlier. Oxygen impurity in the gas was found to have a strong influence on the reaction kinetics. Heat capacity measurements, as well as magnetic hysteresis measurements, were also conducted. The heat capacity of the Nd2Fe17 master alloy, as well as that of the nitrogenated alloys, Was determined in the temperature interval 293-773 K by the use of the differential scanning calorimetric technique. From the experimental heat-capacity data the Curie temperatures of the alloys were derived. Compared to the master alloy, significantly increased Curie temperatures were obtained for the nitrogenated alloys. The magnetic measurements were conducted at 300 K by the use of a quantum design magnetometer. The results obtained indicate that the nitrogenated alloys were soft magnets as no large hysteresis loop was found to exist.
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