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- Björklund, Justina Awasum, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor Air Is a Significant Source of Tri-decabrominated Diphenyl Ethers to Outdoor Air via Ventilation Systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:11, s. 5876-5884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventilation of indoor air has been hypothesized to be a source of PBDEs to outdoors. To study this, tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers were analyzed in outgoing air samples collected inside ventilation systems just before exiting 33 buildings and compared to indoor air samples from microenvironments in each building collected simultaneously. Median Sigma 10PBDE (BDE- 28, -47, -99, -153, -183, -197, -206, -207, -208, -209) concentrations in air from apartment, office and day care center buildings were 93, 3700, and 660 pg/m(3) for outgoing air, and 92, 4700, and 1200 pg/m(3) for indoor air, respectively. BDE-209 was the major congener found. No statistically significant differences were seen for individual PBDE concentrations in matched indoor and outgoing air samples, indicating that outgoing air PBDE concentrations are equivalent to indoor air concentrations. PBDE concentrations in indoor and outgoing air were higher than published outdoor air values suggesting ventilation as a conduit of PBDEs, including BDE-209, from indoors to outdoors. BDE-209 and sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, and -153 emissions from indoor air to outdoors were roughly estimated to represent close to 90% of total emissions to outdoor air for Sweden, indicating that contaminated indoor air is an important source of PBDE contamination to outdoor air.
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- Björklund, Justina Awasum, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in indoor dust : concentrations, human exposure estimates, and sources
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 43:7, s. 2276-2281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are globally distributed, persistent, toxic, and are found in human blood and serum. Exposure pathways are not well characterized. To better understand indoor dust ingestion as a potential pathway for human exposure, we determined the concentrations of these compounds in dust collected from 10 houses, 38 apartments, 10 day care centers, 10 offices, and 5 cars. Samples were prepared using a rapid extraction and cleanup method and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. PFOS and PFOA were found in dust samples from all microenvironments and their concentrations were significantly positively correlated to each other. Highest median concentrations were seen in offices (PFOS: 110 ng/g dry weight) and apartments (PFOA: 93 ng/g dw). Adult and toddler dust ingestion exposures were estimated and compared to dietary exposure data from Canada and Spain. Results show that diet is the most important exposure route, but in a worst case scenario, dust ingestion may also be significant.
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- Björklund, Justina Awasum, et al.
(författare)
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PFOS and PFOA in dust from Stockholm microenvironments.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The 28th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (Dioxin 2008), Birmingham, UK, 18-22 August 2008..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- de Wit, Cynthia A., et al.
(författare)
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Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in indoor air and dust from Stockholm microenvironments 2 : Indoor sources and human exposure
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 39:1, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data on polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) concentrations from Stockholm, Sweden, indoor microenvironments were combined with information from detailed questionnaires regarding the sampling location characteristics, including furnishing and equipment present. These were used to elucidate relationships between possible flame-retarded sources and the contaminant concentrations found in air and dust. Median concentration ranges of Sigma Penta-, Sigma Octa-, Sigma DecaBDE and HBCD from all microenvironments were 19-570, 1.7-280, 29-3200 and <1.6-2 pg/m(3) in air and 22-240, 6.1-80, 330-1400 and 45-340 ng/g in dust, respectively. Significant correlations were found between concentrations of some PBDEs and HBCD in air and/or dust and the presence of electronic/electrical devices, foam furniture, PUF mattresses and synthetic bed pillows in, as well as floor area and construction year of the microenvironment. Car interiors were a source to indoor air in dealership halls. Using median and maximum concentrations of Sigma Penta-, Sigma Octa-, Sigma DecaBDE and HBCD in air and dust, adult and toddler (12-24 months) intakes from inhalation and dust ingestion were estimated. Toddlers had higher estimated intakes of Sigma Penta-, Sigma DecaBDE and HBCD (7.8, 43, 7.6 ng/d, respectively) from dust ingestion than adults (5.8, 38, 6.0 ng/d, respectively). Air inhalation in offices was also an important exposure pathway for Sigma Penta-, Sigma Octa- and Sigma DecaBDE in adults. For Sigma PentaBDE and HBCD, air inhalation and dust ingestion play minor roles when compared to previously published Swedish dietary intakes (median exposures). However, in worst case scenarios using maximum concentrations, dust ingestion may represent 77 and 95% of toddler intake for Sigma PentaBDE and HBCD, respectively.
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- Gustafsson, Amanda Jabin, et al.
(författare)
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Ryanodine receptor-operated activation of TRP-like channels can trigger critical Ca2+ signaling events in pancreatic beta-cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 19:2, s. 301-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is little information available concerning the link between the ryanodine (RY) receptors and the downstream Ca(2+) signaling events in beta-cells. In fura-2 loaded INS-1E cells, activation of RY receptors by 9-methyl 5,7-dibromoeudistomin D (MBED) caused a rapid rise of [Ca(2+)]i followed by a plateau and repetitive [Ca(2+)]i spikes on the plateau. The [Ca(2+)]i plateau was abolished by omission of extracellular Ca(2+) and by SKF 96365. In the presence of SKF 96365, MBED produced a transient increase of [Ca(2+)]i, which was abolished by thapsigargin. Activation of RY receptors caused Ca(2+) entry even when the ER Ca(2+) pool was depleted by thapsigargin. The [Ca(2+)]i plateau was not inhibited by nimodipine or ruthenium red, but was inhibited by membrane depolarization, La(3+), Gd(3+), niflumic acid, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, agents that inhibit the transient receptor potential channels. The [Ca(2+)]i spikes were inhibited by nimodipine and ryanodine, indicating that they were due to Ca(2+) influx through the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). Activation of RY receptors depolarized membrane potential as measured by patch clamp. Thus, activation of RY receptors leads to coherent changes in Ca(2+) signaling, which includes activation of TRP-like channels, membrane depolarization, activation of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and CICR.
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- Thuresson, Kaj, et al.
(författare)
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Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in indoor air and dust from Stockholm microenvironments 1 : Levels and profiles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 414, s. 713-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor air (gas and particle phase) and dust samples were collected from 10 houses, 44 apartments, 10 day care centers, 10 offices, 17 new cars and two car dealership halls from Stockholm. Sweden, and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Median Sigma PBDE concentrations in air were 330, 58, 4000, 14 000 and 510 pg/m(3) in houses, apartments, day care centers, offices and cars, respectively. Median Sigma PBDE concentrations in dust were 510, 1400, 1200, 1200 and 1400 ng/g in houses, apartments, day care centers, offices and cars, respectively. HBCD was detected in most dust samples (median range, 45-340 ng/g) but only in a few air samples (median range, <1.6-2.0 pg/m(3)). For all microenvironments, the brominated flame retardant (BFR) found in highest concentration in air was Sigma DecaBDE, primarily BDE-209, followed by Sigma PentaBDE, and in dust, Sigma DecaBDE, followed by HBCD (offices, day care centers, cars) or Sigma PentaBDE (houses, apartments). Positive correlations were found between matched air and dust samples for Sigma PentaBDE, but not for Sigma DecaBDE.
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