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- Axelson, Olav, 1937-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing dose-response relationships by cumulative exposures in epidemiological studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 50:3, s. 217-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: If the occurrence of disease monotonically increases with the degree of exposure in an epidemiologic study, a dose-response (or exposure-response) relationship is indicated and facilitates the interpretation that the exposure has a causal role. It is not uncommon, however, that there is some effect in terms of an overall increased relative risk but no clear dose-response relationship. Methods: Models presented here show that cumulative exposure, as involving the duration of exposure, is not an adequate parameter when more recent exposure or the intensity of the exposure plays the greater role for the disease outcome. Conclusions: In lack of a dose-response pattern by cumulative exposure, the interpretation of an overall increased risk might well be that there is no definite effect. The proper consideration should be, however, that the measure of exposure could be inadequate, suggesting a need for further analyses and evaluations of the material studied. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Bodil, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular mortality among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Am J Ind Med. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 50:3, s. 221-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Malignant diseases but also cardiovascular and respiratory disorders and diabetes mellitus have been associated with work in pulp and paper production. The present cohort focuses on cardiovascular mortality in relation to various exposures in this industry. METHODS: The cohort, followed-up for mortality, includes 7,107 workers, 6,350 men and 757 women, from three major old mills in the middle of Sweden. RESULTS: Instead of a healthy-worker effect, a slightly increased risk for death in diseases of the circulatory system was found for male workers. Notably, work with sulfate digestion, steam and power generation and maintenance was associated with significantly increased risks. Cerebrovascular diseases showed non-significantly increased risks for maintenance and paper and paperboard production and manufacture. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in risk among various parts of the production are striking although it is hard to pinpoint any specific exposures. Dust and small particles along with sulfur compounds might be suspected.
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| 3. |
- Wingren, Gun, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence and mortality in a Swedish rubber tire manufacturing plant
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 50:12, s. 901-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A classification of 12 work categories was used to evaluate the cancer incidence and mortality among a cohort of Swedish rubber tire workers. Methods: Cancer incidence and mortality in the cohort was compared with expected values from national rates. Standardized incidence and mortality ratios were calculated for the total cohort, for sub-cohorts and with the inclusion of a latency requirement. Results: Among men, increased incidence and mortality risks were found for cancer in the larynx, SIR = 2.10, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.05-3.76, SMR = 2.08, 95% CI: 0.42-6.09. Increased risks were also seen for cancer in the trachea, bronchus, and lung, SIR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.28-2.02, SMR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.21-1.94, the incidence risk was highest among those with the longest exposure duration and among workers in compounding/mixing, milling, and maintenance. Decreased incidence risks were seen for cancer of the prostate (SIR = 0.74, 95% CI: 059-0.92) and skin (SIR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.84). Conclusions: The finding of an excess of tumors in the respiratory system is in agreement with earlier findings in other studies on rubber tire workers. The results on other cancer types are compared to earlier findings and related to work processes and chemical exposures of possible causal importance. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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