| 1. |
- Melander-Wikman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: Äldre personers förväntningar på användandet av informations- och kommunikationsteknologi som stöd
- 2013
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Informations- och kommunikationsteknologi används idag inom hälso- och sjukvård för bland annat livsstilsrelaterade sjukdomar som tillexempel vid övervikt och fetma, IKT är en del av den verksamhet som hälso- och sjukvården satsar på i framtiden. Användning av IKT i hälsorelaterade sammanhang för större befolkningsgrupper förutsätter en viss grad av beredskap hos befolkningen som sannolikt inte bara är relaterad till kännedom om möjligheterna och vana vid teknologin, utan en förväntan om att det kan vara av värde för personen själv. Kunskaperna är magra om befolkningens beredskap för och inställning till IKT som ett verktyg för kontakten mellan vårdtagare och vårdgivare, och de undersökningar som finns över detta visar på en bild av återhållna förväntningar. I projektet studeras vilken betydelse informations- och kommunikationsteknik har för äldre personers livskvalitet och vilka förväntningar som finns framtida IKT lösningar som stöd för viktnedgång. Datainsamlingar genomförs via enkäter som skickas ut till slumpmässigt valda personer i Sverige och genom intervjuer gemomförda individuellt och i grupp.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Belowground Competition Directs Spatial Patterns of Seedling Growth in Boreal Pine Forests in Fennoscandia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 5, s. 2106-2121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aboveground competition is often argued to be the main process determining patterns of natural forest regeneration. However, the theory of multiple resource limitation suggests that seedling performance also depends on belowground competition and, thus, that their relative influence is of fundamental importance. Two approaches were used to address the relative importance of above-and below-ground competition on regeneration in a nutrient-poor pine (Pinus sylvestris) boreal forest. Firstly, seedling establishment beneath trees stem-girdled 12 years ago show that a substantial proportion of the seedlings were established within two years after girdling, which corresponds to a time when nutrient uptake by tree roots was severely reduced without disrupting water transport to the tree canopy, which consequently was maintained. The establishment during these two years also corresponds to abundances high enough for normal stand replacement. Secondly, surveys of regeneration within forest gaps showed that surrounding forests depressed seedlings, so that satisfactory growth occurred only more than 5 m from forest edges and that higher solar radiation in south facing edges was not enough to mediate these effects. We conclude that disruption of belowground competitive interactions mediates regeneration and, thus, that belowground competition has a strong limiting influence on seedling establishment in these forests.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Miljönytta med energieffektivisering - en studie av miljöaspektens roll i EPC-projekt
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) är en energitjänst som förenklat innebär att investeringar i energibesparande åtgärder finansieras med hjälp av garanterade energibesparingar. En studie har gjorts av fyra EPC-projekt genomförda av offentliga organisationer i Sverige. Syftet har varit att undersöka i vilken mån miljönytta utgör en beslutsparameter i EPC-processen, samt att utveckla en metod och beräkningsverktyg som möjliggör för EPC-leverantörer att använda en och samma metod för att visa på miljönyttan av energieffektivisering. Vår huvudsakliga slutsats från denna studie är att miljöfrågan spelar en central roll i EPC-projekt men att den långt ifrån kan anses vara en väl fungerande beslutsparameter. En erfarenhet från studien är att ska miljöfrågan få en central roll i genomförandet av EPC-projektet måste den finnas med redan inför beslutet om att genomföra ett EPC-projekt. Detta gäller inte minst om leverantören förväntas optimera utifrån miljönytta, eller i alla fall vissa fördefinierade miljömål. Arbetet har resulterat i en EPC-miljökalkylator som hjälper leverantörer av EPC-tjänster att följa upp och synliggöra miljönyttan av energieffektivisering. Metoden för miljöbedömning spelar här en central roll eftersom den ger beställare möjlighet att, vid upphandling av EPC-projekt, krävs att miljöuppföljningen ska ske på ett specifikt sätt.
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| 4. |
- Borhade, Sanjay R, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase (IRAP) by Arylsulfonamides
- 2014
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Ingår i: ChemistryOpen. - : Wiley. - 2191-1363. ; 3:6, s. 256-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inhibition of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP, EC 3.4.11.3) by angiotenesin IV is known to improve memory and learning in rats. Screening 10 500 low-molecular-weight compounds in an enzyme inhibition assay with IRAP from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells provided an arylsulfonamide (N-(3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-bromo-5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonamide), comprising a tetrazole in the meta position of the aromatic ring, as a hit. Analogues of this hit were synthesized, and their inhibitory capacities were determined. A small structure-activity relationship study revealed that the sulfonamide function and the tetrazole ring are crucial for IRAP inhibition. The inhibitors exhibited a moderate inhibitory potency with an IC50=1.1±0.5 μm for the best inhibitor in the series. Further optimization of this new class of IRAP inhibitors is required to make them attractive as research tools and as potential cognitive enhancers.
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| 5. |
- Buda, Pawel, et al.
(författare)
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Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e controls intracellular calcium homeostasis by regulation of cav1.2 surface expression.
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inappropriate surface expression of voltage-gated Ca(2+)channels (CaV) in pancreatic ß-cells may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. First, failure to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations at the sites of exocytosis impedes insulin release. Furthermore, excessive Ca(2+) influx may trigger cytotoxic effects. The regulation of surface expression of CaV channels in the pancreatic β-cells remains unknown. Here, we used real-time 3D confocal and TIRFM imaging, immunocytochemistry, cellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation and electrophysiology to study trafficking of L-type CaV1.2 channels upon β-cell stimulation. We found decreased surface expression of CaV1.2 and a corresponding reduction in L-type whole-cell Ca(2+) currents in insulin-secreting INS-1 832/13 cells upon protracted (15-30 min) stimulation. This internalization occurs by clathrin-dependent endocytosis and could be prevented by microtubule or dynamin inhibitors. eIF3e (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E) is part of the protein translation initiation complex, but its effect on translation are modest and effects in ion channel trafficking have been suggested. The factor interacted with CaV1.2 and regulated CaV1.2 traffic bidirectionally. eIF3e silencing impaired CaV1.2 internalization, which resulted in an increased intracellular Ca(2+) load upon stimulation. These findings provide a mechanism for regulation of L-type CaV channel surface expression with consequences for β-cell calcium homeostasis, which will affect pancreatic β-cell function and insulin production.
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| 6. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 7. |
- Kaxiras, Anastasios, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclosporin A, but not tacrolimus, negatively affects the hepatic extraction fraction of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in liver transplant recipients
- 2014
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Ingår i: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-219X. ; 4:73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-mebrofenin has been used as an investigation to study liver function after liver transplantation (LTx). Hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) is a measurement of the hepatic extraction efficiency and hepatic extraction rate. With the purpose of evaluating a possible diverging effect of cyclosporin A (CSA) and tacrolimus (TAC) on the HEF, we compared the HEF with biochemical and histological parameters in LTx patients receiving either CSA or TAC.MethodsThirty-nine adult patients who underwent LTx due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis were evaluated. All patients underwent a 3-month and 1-year follow-up that included hepatobiliary scintigraphy and biochemistry tests. Liver biopsy was performed at 1 year. These clinical parameters were compared between the two groups, TAC (n = 15) and CSA (n = 24).ResultsThe average HEF was significantly lower in the CSA group compared to the TAC group both at 3 months and 1 year after LTx. The liver biochemistry tests, average donor and recipient age, average cold ischemia time (CIT), and a clearance were comparable in the two groups. The TAC group had more inflammation than the CSA group. Moreover, three patients who converted from CSA to TAC increased their HEF values.ConclusionsCSA-treated patients presented a lower HEF value on hepatobiliary scintigraphy in spite of comparable liver function by traditional measurements indicating a decrease on HEF values by CSA.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatfrågan kräver en ny global etik
- 2012
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Ingår i: Göteborgs Posten. - 1103-9345. ; :12 Augusti 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Lundin, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Selected polymorphisms in sex hormone-related genes, circulating sex hormones and risk of endometrial cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 36:5, s. 445-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The role of estrogen and progesterone in the development of endometrial cancer is well documented. Few studies have examined the association of genetic variants in sex hormone-related genes with endometrial cancer risk. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested within three cohorts to examine the association of endometrial cancer risk with polymorphisms in hormone-related genes among 391 cases (92% postmenopausal at diagnosis) and 712 individually-matched controls. We also examined the association of these polymorphisms with circulating levels of sex hormones and SHBG in a cross-sectional analysis including 596 healthy postmenopausal women at blood donation (controls from this nested case-control study and from a nested case-control study of breast cancer in one of the three cohorts). Results: Adjusting for endometrial cancer risk factors, the A allele of rs4775936 in CYP19 was significantly associated (ORper allele = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01-1.47, p(trend) = 0.04), while the T allele of rs10046 was marginally associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (ORper allele = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.99-1.45, p(trend) = 0.06). PGR rs1042838 was also marginally associated with risk (ORper allele = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.96-1.61, p(trend) = 0.09). No significant association was found for the other polymorphisms, i.e. CYP1B1 rs1800440 and rs1056836, UGT1A1 rs8175347, SHBG rs6259 and ESR1 rs2234693. Rs8175347 was significantly associated with postmenopausal levels of estradiol, free estradiol and estrone and rs6259 with SHBG and estradiol. Conclusion: Our findings support an association between genetic variants in CYP19, and possibly PGR, and risk of endometrial cancer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Mahdi, Taman, et al.
(författare)
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Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 reduces insulin secretion and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131. ; 16:5, s. 625-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of candidate genes have been identified for complex polygenic disorders, but the underlying disease mechanisms remain largely unknown. We explored the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by analyzing global gene expression in human pancreatic islets. A group of coexpressed genes (module), enriched for interleukin-1-related genes, was associated with T2D and reduced insulin secretion. One of the module genes that was highly overexpressed in islets from T2D patients is SFRP4, which encodes secreted frizzled-related protein 4. SFRP4 expression correlated with inflammatory markers, and its release from islets was stimulated by interleukin-1β. Elevated systemic SFRP4 caused reduced glucose tolerance through decreased islet expression of Ca(2+) channels and suppressed insulin exocytosis. SFRP4 thus provides a link between islet inflammation and impaired insulin secretion. Moreover, the protein was increased in serum from T2D patients several years before the diagnosis, suggesting that SFRP4 could be a potential biomarker for islet dysfunction in T2D.
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