| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
- Paulander, Jörgen, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-oral pattern of tooth and periodontal bone loss between the age of 50 and 60 years. A longitudinal prospective study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:4, s. 214-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In a 10-year prospective study we analyzed (i) the intra-oral pattern of and (ii) potential risk factors for tooth and periodontal bone loss in 50-year-old individuals. METHODS: A randomized subject sample of 50-year-old inhabitants in the County of Varmland, Sweden, was examined at baseline and after 10 years. Data from full-mouth clinical and radiographic examinations and questionnaire surveys of 309 (72%) of the individuals who were dentate at baseline were available for analysis. Non-parametric tests and binary logistic multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: 4.1% of the 7,101 teeth present at baseline, distributed among 39% of the subjects, were lost during the 10-year interval. The incidence of tooth loss was highest among mandibular molars (7.5%) and lowest among canines (1.8%). The relative risk (RR) for tooth loss for endodontically compromised teeth was 4.1 and for furcation-involved molars 2.4-6.5, depending on tooth position. Logistic regression analysis identified baseline alveolar bone level (ABL), endodontic conditions, CPITN score (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs), tooth position, caries, and educational level as risk factors for tooth loss. The overall mean 10-year ABL change was -0.54 mm (S.E. 0.01). On a tooth level the ABL change varied between -0.35 mm (mandibular molars) and -0.79 mm (mandibular incisors). Smokers experienced a greater (20-131% depending on tooth type) mean bone loss than non-smokers. The logistic regression model revealed that tooth position, smoking, and probing pocket depth > or =4 mm were risk factors for bone loss of >1 mm. No pertinent differences were observed with respect to risk factors for ABL change in the subgroup of non-smokers compared to the results of the analysis based on the entire subject sample. CONCLUSION: Tooth loss was more common in the molar than in the anterior tooth regions, while periodontal bone loss had a random distribution in the dentition. The predominant risk factors identified with regard to further radiographic bone loss were "probing pocket depth > or =6 mm" and "smoking".
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| 3. |
- Paulander, Jörgen, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Some characteristics of 50/55-year-old individuals with various experience of destructive periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:4, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between subject characteristics and degree of destructive periodontal disease in a randomly selected sample of 50/55-year-old individuals. METHODS: A randomized and geographically stratified (urban/rural districts) subject sample composed of dentate 50-year-old (n = 190) and 55-year-old individuals (n = 359) from the county of Varmland, Sweden were examined. Data were collected through full mouth clinical and radiographic examinations and by the use of questionnaires. Based on the cumulative distribution of the individuals with respect to mean probing attachment loss (PAL), subgroups of subjects with the lowest (L20%) and highest (H20%) experience of PAL were identified. Similar classifications were made for never-smokers and current smokers. Correlation analyses and forward stepwise logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS: The subgroup with the most extensive PAL loss (H20%) included a significantly higher proportion of (i) males (60 vs 33%), (ii) subjects with low educational level (65 vs 41%), (iii) smokers (49 vs 15%), and had (iv) less favorable lifestyle characteristics than the subgroup with minimal experience of PAL loss (L20%). The same pattern of differences was observed when the analysis was restricted to never-smokers, with the addition of a significantly lower proportion of subjects living in urban areas (40 vs 69%) in the H20% compared to the L20% subgroup. The stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that number of teeth and smoking habits were significant factors in the identification of individuals in the L20% subgroup. For the H20% subgroup, number of teeth, gender, number of cigarettes/day and lifestyle index were significant explanatory variables. CONCLUSION: Number of remaining teeth and smoking habits were identified as the main discriminating factors for classification of subjects with regard to degree of destructive periodontal disease.
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| 4. |
- Paulander, Jörgen, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Some risk factors for periodontal bone loss in 50-year-old individuals. A 10-year cohort study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal Of Clinical Periodontology. ; 31:7, s. 489-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this 10-year prospective study of 50-year-old individuals was to analyze the incidence of periodontal bone loss and potential risk factors for periodontal bone loss. METHODS: The subject sample was generated from an epidemiological survey performed in 1988 of subjects living in the County of Varmland, Sweden. A randomized sample of 15% of the 50-year-old inhabitants in the county was drawn. At the 10-year follow-up in 1998, 320 (75%) of the 449 individuals examined at baseline were available for re-examination, out of which 4 had become edentulous. Full-mouth clinical and radiographic examinations and questionnaire surveys were performed in 1988 and 1998. Two hundred and ninety-five individuals (69%) had complete data for inclusion in the analysis of radiographic bone changes over 10 years. Non-parametric tests, correlations and stepwise multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The mean alveolar bone level (ABL) in 1988 was 2.2 mm (0.05) and a further 0.4 mm (0.57) (p=0.000) was lost over the 10 years. Eight percent of the subject sample showed no loss, while 5% experienced a mean bone loss of >/=1 mm. Smoking was found to be the strongest individual risk predictor (RR=3.2; 95% CI 2.03-5.15). When including as smokers only those individuals who had continued with the habit during the entire 10-year follow-up period, the relative risk was slightly increased (3.6; 95% CI 2.32-5.57). Subjects who had quit smoking before the baseline examination did not demonstrate a significantly increased risk for disease progression (RR=1.3; 95% CI 0.57-2.96). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that smoking, % approximal sites with probing pocket depth >/=4 mm, number of teeth and systemic disease were significant explanatory factors for 10-year ABL loss (R(2)=0.12). For never smokers, statistically significant predictors were number of teeth, mean ABL, % periodontally healthy approximal sites and educational level (R(2)=0.20). CONCLUSION: The inclusion of smokers in risk analysis for periodontal diseases may obstruct the possibility to detect other true risk factors and risk indicators.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Jan R.C.
(författare)
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Quality and Ergonomics : towards successful integration
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The understanding and practice of ergonomics, built on the knowledge of human characteristics, abilities and needs, plays a fundamental role in satisfying people - whether they are labelled customers, users or workers. In this context ergonomics and quality can be regarded as overall approaches, as philosophies taking account of people in the way things are designed and organised. Given the conceptual similarities and that several indicators point to the fact that poor ergonomics may cause quality deficiencies, there has in resent years been an increased focus on the potential benefits of an integrative approach.The research presented in this thesis aims to support this process by developing a broader understanding of relationships in-between ergonomics and quality issues and to generate knowledge on how to effectively integrate quality and ergonomics development. The research project covers data and experiences from twenty-four case studies. A clearly marked interdisciplinary and triangulated research strategy with empirical data, qualitative as well as quantitative, from observations, interviews, surveys, and descriptive statistics, forms the basis of new knowledge, theories and methodology.The results show that there is a strong relationship between a number of ergonomics related issues and quality performance. Deficiencies in information handling, management, work task and workplace design and motivation are important causes of poor quality. It is shown that quality deficiency rates increases substantially for adverse work postures compared to good postures, and that ergonomics improvements can reduce quality deficiencies with 30-50%. Further studies show that a feasible and often necessary strategy in creating lasting improvements is to integrate the perspectives of employers, employees and customers - i.e. efficiency, work conditions and quality. To achieve this a number of participatory techniques and support systems have been developed, studied, empirical tested and evaluated.It is shown that a kaizen based suggestion system focusing on participatory ergonomics promotes motivation, commitment and high performance - quality as well as productivity. Nearly six out of ten suggestions deal with ergonomics issues and one out of five involves both ergonomics and quality improvement proposals. Furthermore an integrated participatory problem-solving approach, using both quality as well as ergonomics methodology and tools has been developed and empirically evaluated. It is shown that ergonomic tools are well suited in the quality improvement process, and that participatory ergonomics not only can be used as an effective tool eliminating ergonomic problems but also to progressively improve learning, working conditions and performance, thus stimulating a positive development of quality.The thesis also presents a balanced strategic management concept with the potential to integrate ergonomic issues at all levels. An integrated macro-ergonomic management concept is believed to have a great impact on improving people's job satisfaction, performance and quality of working life, thus helping to create the environment in which total quality management and quality improvement will flourish.It can finally be concluded that quality work is not just concerned with developing products and processes but equally with giving the people involved in these processes a chance to develop and to perform a good job. Designing a work system in accordance with ergonomic principles can thus be seen as a quality issue in which the internal customers' (employees') requests of ergonomics are given a high priority.
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Per, 1933, et al.
(författare)
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The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. - 0303-6979. ; 31:9, s. 749-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The biofilm that forms and remains on tooth surfaces is the main etiological factor in caries and periodontal disease. Prevention of caries and periodontal disease must be based on means that counteract this bacterial plaque. OBJECTIVE: To monitor the incidence of tooth loss, caries and attachment loss during a 30-year period in a group of adults who maintained a carefully managed plaque control program. In addition, a comparison was made regarding the oral health status of individuals who, in 1972 and 2002, were 51-65 years old. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1971 and 1972, more than 550 subjects were recruited. Three hundred and seventy-five subjects formed a test group and 180 a control group. After 6 years of monitoring, the control group was discontinued but the participants in the test group was maintained in the preventive program and was finally re-examined after 30 years. The following variables were studied at Baseline and after 3, 6, 15 and 30 years: plaque, caries, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level and CPITN. Each patient was given a detailed case presentation and education in self-diagnosis. Once every 2 months during the first 2 years, once every 3-12 months during years 3-30, the participants received, on an individual need basis, additional education in self-diagnosis and self-care focused on proper plaque control measures, including the use of toothbrushes and interdental cleaning devices (brush, dental tape, toothpick). The prophylactic sessions that were handled by a dental hygienist also included (i) plaque disclosure and (ii) professional mechanical tooth cleaning including the use of a fluoride-containing dentifrice/paste. RESULTS: Few teeth were lost during the 30 years of maintenance; 0.4-1.8 in different age cohorts. The main reason for tooth loss was root fracture; only 21 teeth were lost because of progressive periodontitis or caries. The mean number of new caries lesions was 1.2, 1.7 and 2.1 in the three groups. About 80% of the lesions were classified as recurrent caries. Most sites, buccal sites being the exception, exhibited no sign of attachment loss. Further, on approximal surfaces there was some gain of attachment between 1972 and 2002 in all age groups. CONCLUSION: The present study reported on the 30-year outcome of preventive dental treatment in a group of carefully monitored subjects who on a regular basis were encouraged, but also enjoyed and recognized the benefit of, maintaining a high standard of oral hygiene. The incidence of caries and periodontal disease as well as tooth mortality in this subject sample was very small. Since all preventive and treatment efforts during the 30 years were delivered in one private dental office, caution must be exercised when comparisons are made with longitudinal studies that present oral disease data from randomly selected subject samples.
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| 9. |
- Golman, Klaes, et al.
(författare)
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13C-angiography.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Academic Radiology. - 1878-4046. ; 9:Suppl 2, s. 507-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Gutenwik, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Coupled diffusion and adsorption effects for multiple proteins in agarose gel
- 2004
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Ingår i: AIChE Journal. - : Wiley. - 1547-5905 .- 0001-1541. ; 50:12, s. 3006-3018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mathematical model for the hindered diffusion and competitive adsorption of two proteins in an agarose gel has been developed. In a simulation program the model has been used to study the competing and displacement effects on a single bead for lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) bound to the ligand Cibacron Blue in agarose gel. The model takes into account hindered diffusion described by the Renkin model, competitive Langmuir adsorption kinetics, pore size distribution of the gel, and a shrinking effective pore radius attributed to molecule-to-ligand binding. The simulation model can easily explain displacement of BSA or lysozyme dependent on the binding capacity, kinetics, and diffusion. The influence of a bimodal pore size distribution is demonstrated. It also provides insight into the phenomenon of static vs. dynamic binding capacity observed in experimental determinations of the isotherm.
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