| 1. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 2. |
- Evans Axelsson, Susan, et al.
(författare)
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Radioimmunotherapy for Prostate Cancer-Current Status and Future Possibilities.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-2998. ; 46:2, s. 165-179
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. In the United States, it is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer after skin cancer, and in Europe it is number one. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 221,000 men in the United States would be diagnosed with PCa during 2015, and approximately 28,000 would die of the disease. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, approximately 345,000 men were diagnosed with PCa in Europe during 2012, and despite more emphasis placed on early detection through routine screening, 72,000 men died of the disease. Hence, the need for improved therapy modalities is of utmost importance. And targeted therapies based on radiolabeled specific antibodies or peptides are a very interesting and promising alternative to increase the therapeutic efficacy and overall chance of survival of these patients. There are currently several preclinical and some clinical studies that have been conducted, or are ongoing, to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) against PCa. One thing that is lacking in a lot of these published studies is the dosimetry data, which are needed to compare results between the studies and the study locations. Given the complicated tumor microenvironment and overall complexity of RIT to PCa, old and new targets and targeting strategies like combination RIT and pretargeting RIT are being improved and assessed along with various therapeutic radionuclides candidates. Given alone or in combination with other therapies, these new and improved strategies and RIT tools further enhance the clinical response to RIT drugs in PCa, making RIT for PCa an increasingly practical clinical tool.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Korrosion av planglas inom byggbranschen kopplat till betong
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett förekommande problem under byggprocessen är betongrinning. Innebörden av betongrinning är att vatten varit i kontakt med färsk betong och därefter påverkat glasytor till fasader/balkonger/fönster. Påverkan på glaset kan vara fysisk och ibland även kemisk. Resultatet blir droppfläckar, rinnmärken och utfällningar som försämrar glasets ljusgenomsläpplighet och estetiska intryck. Så länge påverkan enbart är fysisk är denna skada relativt lätt att ta bort antingen med hjälp av mekanisk polering eller genom att torka glaset med utspädd syra. Ofta fortskrider dock processen till ett kemiskt angrepp på glaset, vilket är permanent och inte går att avlägsna helt med ovan nämnda metoder. Kemiska reaktioner har då skapat etsningar i glasytan som på sikt blir i storleksordningen mikrometer djupa.I denna förstudie har vi försökt simulera betongrinningsangrepp dels under kontrollerade förhållanden i laboratoriemiljö och dels i utomhusmiljö. Försöksvariablerna var två olika betongvarianter samt glas med respektive utan ett på marknaden befintligt glasskyddande medel. Resultatet av försöken har analyserats genom okulär bedömning, mikroanalys med svepelektronmikroskop och energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi samt yttopografimätningar med optisk profilometer. Testerna resulterade i utfällningar på glasytan innehållande ämnena svavel, kalium och kalcium, vilka bedöms härstamma från betongen. Efter inomhusförsöken, som pågick i fyra månader, gick utfällningarna att tvätta bort med saltsyralösning, och inga djupgående, permanenta korrosionsskador syntes på glaset. Utomhusförsöken utsträcktes till elva månader, varpå bestående skador kunde konstateras på glasytorna efter att utfällningarna tvättats bort. Djupet på skadorna uppmättes som mest till cirka en halv mikrometer. Varken sänkning av pH i betongen eller skyddsbehandling av glaset bidrog till att hindra uppkomst av fläckighet eller etsningar på glaset. I diskussioner med industrirepresentanter konstaterades att betongrinning är ett ganska vanligt problem, som är oberoende av geografi. Tidigare försök med behandling av både betong och glas varit verkningslösa. I majoriteten av fall handlar problemen om inglasade balkonger alternativt glasräcken i kombination med balkongplatta i betong. Det man vet fungerar är att använda en korrekt konstruktion som hindrar vattnet från att droppa ned på glaset. Regelbunden rengöring av glasen hjälper också och kommer förmodligen hamna som ett underhållskrav mot kunder.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Vilhelmsson Timmermand, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Intratherapeutic Biokinetic Measurements, Dosimetry Parameters Estimate, and Monitoring Treatment Efficacy using Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging in Preclinical Radionuclide Therapy.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 2159-662X. ; 56:3, s. 444-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of interest in non-invasive Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) of in vivo radionuclide distribution in small animals, a method proven as a high-throughput modality for confirmation of tracer uptake. 11B6 is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that is specific for free human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2) an antigen abundant in malignant prostatic tissue. Free hK2 was targeted in prostate cancer xenografts using (177)Lu-labeled 11B6 in either murine or humanized forms for radionuclide therapy (RNT). In this setting, CLI was investigated as a tool for providing parameters of dosimetric importance during RNT. First, longitudinal imaging of biokinetics using CLI and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was compared. Second, the CLI signal was correlated to quantitative ex vivo tumor activity measurements. Finally, CLI was used to monitor the radionuclide treatment and it was found that the integrated CLI radiance correlated well with subject-specific tumor volume reduction.
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| 6. |
- Vilhelmsson Timmermand, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Radiolabeled antibodies in prostate cancer: A case study showing the effect of host immunity on antibody bio-distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9614 .- 0969-8051. ; 42:4, s. 375-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human tumors xenografted in immunodeficient mice are crucial models in nuclear medicine to evaluate the effectiveness of candidate diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. However, little attention has been focused on the biological profile of the host model and its potential effects on the bio-distribution and tumor targeting of the tracer compound under study. We specifically investigated the dissimilarity in bio-distribution of (111)In-DTPA-5A10, which targets free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), in two animal models.
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