| 1. |
- Ahadi, Aylin, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation and evaluation of a binary mixture model and three-dimensional FE-analysis of water saturated soil
- 2006
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Ingår i: ECCOMAS CFD 2006: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics. - 9090209700
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A binary mixture model for soils has been formulated and analyzed. In the model one of the constituents is soil and the other constituent an incompressible liquid. The effects of water are included by formulating a mixture model is formulated as an extension of an existing non-associated elasto-plastic material model for granular materials. This paper is focused on the balance of momentum equations of the mixture model, primarily to avoid the difficulties arising when the interaction terms between the constituents needs to be formulated and constituted. Considering the momentum balance of the mixture as an extension of the balance equation of the soil constituent, it is supplemented with body forces, stresses and flow effects from the water constituent. These supplemented terms are evaluated and analyzed. An alternative way of deriving equation of motion for the fluid is also presented. The computer algorithm for integrating the constitutive relation of dry sand is supplemented and numerical simulations with a finite element code are carried out. It is shown that although the mixture model consists of two constituents, it is possible to include the existence of voids and a system with three constituents, i.e. water unsaturated soil, can be analyzed. Results from single element tests and simulations of a flexible footing resting on a surface of water saturated sand are presented.
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| 2. |
- Yilmaz, Aylin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Darunavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HIV-1-infected individuals
- 2009
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Ingår i: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. - 0889-2229. ; 25:4, s. 457-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Darunavir is the most recently licensed protease inhibitor currently used in treatment-experienced HIV-infected individuals. Our objective was to determine darunavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in subjects receiving antiretroviral treatment regimens containing ritonavir-boosted darunavir. Darunavir concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in 14 paired CSF and plasma samples from eight HIV-1-infected individuals. The lower limit of quantification was 5.0 ng=ml. All of the 14 CSF samples had detectable darunavir concentrations with a median darunavir concentration of 34.2 ng=ml (range 15.9–212.0 ng=ml). The median (range) plasma darunavir concentration was 3930 (1800–12900) ng=ml. All CSF samples had detectable darunavir concentrations. Most of them exceeded or were in the same range as levels needed to inhibit replication of wild type virus, making it probable that darunavir, at least to some extent, contributes to the suppression of HIV replication in the central nervous system.
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