| 1. |
- Dunn, R. J. H., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE : State of the Climate in 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 102:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Climate : in State of the climate in 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8, s. S17-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE
- 2020
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Vicente-Serrano, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased Vegetation in Mountainous Headwaters Amplifies Water Stress During Dry Periods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 48:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of blue and green water partitioning under vegetation and climate change, as well as their different interactions during wet and dry periods, are poorly understood in the literature. We analyzed the impact of vegetation changes on blue water generation in a central Spanish Pyrenees basin undergoing intense afforestation. We found that vegetation change is a key driver of large decreases in blue water availability. The effect of vegetation increase is amplified during dry years, and mainly during the dry season, with streamflow reductions of more than 50%. This pattern can be attributed primarily to increased plant water consumption. Our findings highlight the importance of vegetation changes in reinforcing the decrease in water resource availability. With aridity expected to rise in southern Europe over the next few decades, interactions between climate and land management practices appear to be amplifying future hydrological drought risk in the region.
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| 5. |
- Zheng, C. W., et al.
(författare)
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Global trends in oceanic wind speed, wind-sea, swell, and mixed wave heights
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climatic trends of Wind Speed (WS) and wave height play a key role in wind and wave energy assessments, climate change analyses, and air-sea interactions, among many others. Using ERA5 reanalysis, this study reveals the climatic trends of global oceanic WS and wave height for 1979-2018, including the overall trends, regional and seasonal differences of the trends, with a special focus on the differences and similarities between the trends in wind-sea wave height (Hwind) and swell wave height (Hswell), as well as the contributions of climate indices to WS, Hwind, Hswell and Significant Wave Height (Hs) respectively, by employing linear regression and correlation analysis. The results show an overall global oceanic increase for 1979-2018 in WS (+0.47 cm/s/yr), with increases of +0.13, +0.28 and +0.32 cm/yr in Hwind, Hswell and Hs respectively, and a stronger increasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. There is good agreement between the spatial distribution of annual and seasonal trends in WS and those of Hwind, as well as between Hswell and Hs. Areas with strong increasing trends of WS and Hwind are mainly located in the tropical South Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean. Hswell and Hs exhibit significant increases in most global oceans. The months with the broadest and strongest increase in Hswell and Hs are June-July-August (JJA). There is a close relationship among the WS, wave height climatology and the modes of climate variability. The wind has the strongest response to climate indices, followed by the wind-sea, with swell having a minimal response.
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| 6. |
- Andres-Martin, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty in surface wind speed projections over the Iberian Peninsula: CMIP6 GCMs versus a WRF-RCM
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1529:1, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assessed the projected near-surface wind speed (SWS) changes and variability over the Iberian Peninsula for the 21st century. Here, we compared Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 global climate models (GCMs) with a higher spatial resolution regional climate model (RCM; ∼20km), known as WRF-CESM2, which was created by a dynamic downscaling of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Our analysis found that the GCMs tended to overestimate observed SWS for 1985–2014, while the higher spatial resolution of the WRF-CESM2 did not improve the accuracy and underestimated the SWS magnitude. GCMs project a decline of SWS under highshared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) greenhouse concentrations, such as SSP370 and SSP585, while an interdecadal oscillation appears in SSP126 and SSP245 for the end of the century. The WRF-CESM2 under SSP585 predicts the opposite increasing SWS. Our results suggest that 21st-century projections of SWS are uncertain even for regionalized products and should be taken with caution.
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| 7. |
- Azorin-Molina, C., et al.
(författare)
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A Decline of Observed Daily Peak Wind Gusts with Distinct Seasonality in Australia, 1941-2016
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Climate. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0894-8755 .- 1520-0442. ; 34:8, s. 3103-3127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wind gusts represent one of the main natural hazards due to their increasing socioeconomic and environmental impacts on, for example, human safety, maritime-terrestrial-aviation activities, engineering and insurance applications, and energy production. However, the existing scientific studies focused on observed wind gusts are relatively few compared to those on mean wind speed. In Australia, previous studies found a slowdown of near-surface mean wind speed, termed "stilling," but a lack of knowledge on the multidecadal variability and trends in the magnitude (wind speed maxima) and frequency (exceeding the 90th percentile) of wind gusts exists. A new homogenized daily peak wind gusts (DPWG) dataset containing 548 time series across Australia for 1941-2016 is analyzed to determine long-term trends in wind gusts. Here we show that both the magnitude and frequency of DPWG declined across much of the continent, with a distinct seasonality: negative trends in summer-spring-autumn and weak negative or nontrending (even positive) trends in winter. We demonstrate that ocean-atmosphere oscillations such as the Indian Ocean dipole and the southern annular mode partly modulate decadal-scale variations of DPWG. The long-term declining trend of DPWG is consistent with the "stilling" phenomenon, suggesting that global warming may have reduced Australian wind gusts.
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| 8. |
- Engstrom, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Data rescue of historical wind observations in Sweden since the 1920s
- 2023
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - 1866-3508. ; 15:6, s. 2259-2277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instrumental measurements of wind speed and direction from the 1920s to the 1940s from 13 stations in Sweden have been rescued and digitized, making 165 additional station years of wind data available through the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute's open data portal. These stations measured wind through different versions of cup-type anemometers and were mainly situated at lighthouses along the coasts and at airports. The work followed the protocol "Guidelines on Best Practices for Climate Data Rescue" of the World Meteorological Organization consisting of (i) designing a template for digitization, (ii) digitizing records in paper journals by a scanner, (iii) typing numbers of wind speed and direction data into the template, and (iv) performing quality control of the raw observation data. Along with the digitization of the wind observations, meta data from the stations were collected and compiled as support to the following quality control and homogenization of the wind data. The meta data mainly consist of changes in observer and a small number of changes in instrument types and positions. The rescue of these early wind observations can help improve our understanding of long-term wind changes and multidecadal variability (e.g. the "stilling" vs. "reversal" phenomena) but also to evaluate and assess climate simulations of the past. Digitized data can be accessed through the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute and the following Zenodo repository:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5850264 (Zhouet al., 2022) .
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| 9. |
- Fang, K., et al.
(författare)
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Wind speed reconstruction from a tree-ring difference index in northeastern Inner Mongolia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dendrochronologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1125-7865. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of instrumental wind speed data beyond the industrial era limits our ability to evaluate the contributions of natural versus anthropogenic processes on long-term changes in wind speed. It is thus desirable to find proxies for historical changes in wind speed. Persistent and strong winds can cause compression wood composed of wider and denser rings in conifer trees at leeward sides. This work hypothesizes that the asymmetric wind impact on tree radial growth provides information about wind speed changes. To test the hypothesis, we developed a Tree-Ring Difference Index (TRDI) representing the differences between tree ring widths at the windward and leeward sides. Thirty-four trees subjected to strong and persistent winds in a Picea mongolica forest in northeastern Inner Mongolia were analyzed. The TRDI based on 124 cores correlates significantly with the maximum wind speeds recorded from May to August, indicating that this proxy can be used for wind speed reconstruction. Our reconstruction reveals long-term changes in wind speed including an upward trend from 1940 to 1954, followed by continually decreasing wind speeds from 1955 to 1990 and increasing values from 1991 to 2010. The reconstructed wind speeds include strong multi-decadal variability and significant correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
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| 10. |
- Kaiqiang, Deng, et al.
(författare)
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Changes of Southern Hemisphere westerlies in the future warming climate
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHWs) play a key role in regulating global climate and ocean circulation, but their future changes under low to high greenhouse gas forcings remain unclear. This study investigates the long-term trends in strength and position of the SHWs and their linkage with human activities, based on the ERA5 reanalysis and model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The results show that the SHWs have intensified and shifted poleward in the recent decades, and are projected to experience divergent trends in strength and position during the 21st century under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Forced by SSP245, 370, and 585, which represent the middle to high greenhouse gas forcings, the SHWs will continue to strengthen and move southward in 2015–2099, with the largest trends induced by SSP585. Nevertheless, forced by SSP126, which implies a low greenhouse gas forcing in the future, the ongoing trends in strength and position of the SHWs will be interrupted and even reversed. Further investigation reveals that the anthropogenic forcing could have affected and will likely influence the SHWs by modulating meridional atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. In particular, the Southern Annular Mode and the tropical Pacific convection play crucial roles in the changes of SHWs. This study links human activities to the changes in SHWs, providing important implications for climate change and its mitigation. © 2022 The Authors
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