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- Björn, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Increase of estrogen dose deteriorates mood during progestin phase in sequential hormonal therapy
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 88:5, s. 2026-2030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have indicated that the addition of progestinsduring sequential hormonal replacement therapy (HRT)causes negative mood and physical symptoms. History of premenstrualsyndrome, type of progestin, and dose of progestinhave thus far been shown to influence the progestin-inducedadverse mood symptoms during HRT.The aim of this study was to compare adverse mood effectsof two different doses of estradiol, in combination with a progestin,during postmenopausal HRT. Twenty-eight perimenopausalwomen were included in this randomized, doubleblind,crossover study comparing 2- or 3-mg continuousestradiol, with an addition of 10 mg medroxyprogesteroneacetate on d 17–28 during each treatment cycle. The mainoutcome measures were mood and physical symptoms kept ona daily rating scale. Together with the progestin, the higherdose of estrogen caused significantly more negative moodsymptoms than the lower dose. Tension, irritability, and depressedmood were all significantly augmented during theprogestin phase of cycles with 3mg estradiol (P<0.001). Physicalsymptoms also increased during the progestin phase of3-mg estradiol cycles (P<0.001), whereas positive mood symptomswere less affected. The only positive mood that changedwith estrogen dose was friendliness, which decreased duringthe progestin phase of high estradiol cycles compared withcycles with lower estradiol (P < 0.05).Our conclusion is that an increase of the estrogen doseaccentuates negativemoodand physical symptoms during theprogestin phase of sequential hormonal therapy.
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| 2. |
- Bäckström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of fines from unbleached kraft pulps and their impact on sheet properties
- 2008
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 62:5, s. 546-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fines are an essential component in the papermaking process because they have a profound influence on the behaviour of the wet web and on the mechanical properties of the final sheet. Primary fines are present in the pulp prior to refining, and secondary fines are produced during refining. In the present investigation, two commercially manufactured unbleached pulps with kappa numbers of 45 and 90 were studied in terms of how they responded to refining with respect to the quality of fibre and fines. Primary and secondary fines were collected and characterised and their impact on sheet strength was evaluated by addition of known amounts to a refined and decrilled pulp. All the measured paper strength properties improved when primary and secondary fines were added. The strength improvement was generally somewhat higher in the second case. The effect was more pronounced at a higher level of addition. We attribute the main strength improvements associated with fines to improved consolidation by the creation of capillary forces between the surfaces.
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| 6. |
- Björn, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Negative mood changes during hormone replacement therapy : a comparison between two progestogens
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 183:6, s. 1419-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to compare side effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethindrone acetate during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy in women with and without a history of premenstrual syndrome. Study Design: Fifty-one postmenopausal women were randomly selected in a double-blind crossover study. The women received 2 mg of estradiol continuously during five 28-day cycles and 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone or 1 mg of norethindrone sequentially for 12 days of each cycle. Daily symptom rating scales were kept. Results: The women showed cyclic changes, with negative mood and physical symptoms culminating during the late progestogen phase and positive mood during the estrogen-only phase. Symptoms declined with time but remained after 5 months. Women with a history of premenstrual syndrome responded strongly to both progestogens. Medroxyprogesterone acetate induced less negative and more positive mood symptoms than norethindrone in women with no history of premenstrual syndrome. In both groups medroxyprogesterone caused more physical symptoms than norethindrone. Conclusion: The addition of medroxyprogesterone to estrogen is preferable to norethindrone with respect to mood symptoms in women without a history of premenstrual syndrome.
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| 7. |
- Björn, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of different doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate on mood symptoms in sequential hormonal therapy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 16, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare adverse mood effects of two different doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with and without a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The study was designed as a randomized double-blind cross-over study and included 36 postmenopausal women at three health care areas in northern Sweden. The women received 2 mg estradiol continuously during five 28-day cycles and 10 mg or 20 mg MPA sequentially for 12 days during each cycle. The main outcome measures were mood and physical symptoms noted on a daily rating scale. We found that physical symptoms did not differ between 10 and 20 mg MPA. Both women with a history of PMS and women without responded with more negative mood symptoms with the lower dose of MPA. In women with previous PMS the higher dose of MPA enhanced positive mood symptoms. With respect to mood and physical symptoms, the aim to lower MPA doses in HRT is unwarranted.
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Magnus, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical model of twist in Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. ; 21:1, s. 54-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an analytical model for twist in timber. The model is based on calculating the twist in cylindrical shells and combining these shells to create timber studs. The shells will deform when the moisture content changes, owing to tangential shrinkage perpendicular to the fibre direction and longitudinal shrinkage parallel to the fibre direction. If the fibre direction is not parallel to the shell direction, this will cause twist in the shell. The twist in each shell contributes to the twist in the stud. The model has been used for a parametric study to determine theoretically the influence of parameters such as sawing pattern, stud size, spiral grain angle variation and tangential and longitudinal shrinkage. The model has also been used to predict the twist in 196 studs of Norway spruce timber. The model was able to predict 67% of the variation in twist among these studs.
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| 9. |
- Bäckström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Beatability and runnability studies of ion-exchanged unbleached kraft pulps on a pilot scale
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 24:1, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has earlier been shown that the counter-ion to the charged groups in the fibre has a significant effect on the beatability of fibres, but large-scale investigations of this effect are scarce in the literature. The objectives of the present study were therefore to develop a technique to ion-exchange large quantities of industrial pulp into the Na +-form using complexing agents and to study the effect of industrial-scale refining on pulp fibres in the Na +-form and how the fibres respond to industrial-like papermaking. The results show that ion-exchange can indeed be conducted on a pilot-scale using complexing agents such as DTPA. The study further indicates that an energy reduction of 50% at a given WRV or tensile index may be achieved if the fibres are converted to Na +-form prior to pilot-scale refining. By applying these techniques in full-scale production, it should thus be possible to save significant amount of energy, especially in the case of papers made from unbleached pulp that usually demands a higher degree of beating to achieve sufficient strength.
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| 10. |
- Bäckström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the counterion on the beatability of unbleached kraft pulps
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 15:3, s. 189-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate the effect of the counterion on the energy consumption during a beating process and on the resulting strength properties of handsheets. The effect of the counterion on beating was separated from the effect of sheet moulding by converting all the fibre samples into the Ca2+-form prior to sheetmaking. An unbleached kraft pulp was used because of its relatively high carboxylic acid content.The beatability of the pulp fibres was affected by the type of counterion to the dissociable groups in the fibres. Converting the pulp into the Na+-form before beating improves the beatability, defined as the increase in WRV per unit energy input, compared to the two other investigated ionic forms, the H+ form and the Ca2+-form. The energy required to reach a given tensile index was substantially lower for pulps beaten in Na -form. The better beatability of the pulps in the Na+-form showed that the energy efficiency of beating is improved if the fibres are highly swollen initially. Beating in the Na -form can reduce the energy demand by 50%.Commercially, pulp is normally beaten in the Ca2+-form. In this ionic form, the negatively charged ions are shielded and the swelling is less favoured. A better knowledge of the charged groups of the pulp fibres and their physical and chemical behaviour may mean that less energy or fewer beating steps may be required in future papermaking.
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