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| 2. |
- Meier, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the internal reaction layer arising during carbonation of concrete
- 2007
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2509 .- 1873-4405. ; 62:4, s. 1125-1137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonation is the reaction of environmental carbon dioxide with alkaline species in concrete. It is one of the major degradation mechanisms affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, a mathematical model of the carbonation process is formulated and simulated using the finite-element method. Nonlinear reaction rates, Robin boundary conditions and a decrease of the concrete porosity in time are taken into account. A dimensional analysis based on a nondimensionalisation of the entire model is introduced to identify the key parameters and the different characteristic time and length scales of the whole process. Numerical simulations show the occurrence of an internal reaction layer travelling through the material. The speed and the width of the layer are rigorously defined via dimensionless quantities. A parameter study shows that the speed and the width are strongly related to the size of the Thiele modulus which is typically large. The relevance of other parameters is also investigated. The model is validated for accelerated and natural carbonation settings.
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| 3. |
- Nyman, H., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of germinal center and non-germinal center phenotypes on overall and failure-free survival after high-dose chemotherapy and auto-SCT in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3369 .- 1476-5365. ; 42:2, s. 93-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-germinal center (non-GC) phenotype is an adverse prognostic factor in chemotherapy (CT)-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. To determine how high-dose therapy (HDT) supported with auto-SCT as first line therapy influences GC-associated outcome in young high-risk DLBCL patients GC and non-GC phenotypes were determined immunohistochemically from 63 patients. Of these, 29 primary high-risk DLBCL patients were treated with auto-SCT, whereas 34 CT-treated patients served as a control group. Consistent with previous studies, non-GC phenotype was associated with adverse outcome in CT-treated high-risk patients. In contrast, immunohistochemical classification by cell of origin did not associate with survival after auto-SCT. When the impact of treatment on the predictive value of cell of origin was analyzed, the non-GC patients, who received HDT, had a better failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) than the patients treated with CT alone. In multivariate analyses, both age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) and treatment were independent prognostic factors for FFS and OS. For the patients with GC phenotype, the influence of auto-SCT on survival was not significant. The data imply that auto-SCT can overcome the adverse prognostic impact of the non-GC phenotype in patients with high-risk DLBCL and warrant additional prospective studies.
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| 5. |
- Böhm, S, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental NV and NeVIII low-temperature dielectronic recombination rate coefficients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - 0004-6361. ; 437:3, s. 1151-1157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of Nv and Ne viii ions have been measured at a heavy-ion storage ring. The investigated energy ranges covered all dielectronic recombination resonances attached to 2s -> 2p (delta_n = 0) core excitations. The rate coefficients in a plasma are derived and parameterized by using a convenient fit formula. The experimentally derived rate coefficients are compared with theoretical data by Colgan et al. (2004, A&A, 417, 1183) and Nahar & Pradhan (1997, ApJ, 111, 339) as well as with the recommended rate coefficients by Mazzotta et al. (1998, A&A, 133, 403). The data of Colgan et al. and Nahar & Pradhan reproduce the experiment very well over the temperature ranges where Nv and Ne viii are expected to exist in photoionized as well as in collisionally ionized plasmas. In contrast the recommendation of Mazzotta et al. agrees with the experimental rate coefficient only in the collisionally ionized temperature range. At lower temperatures it deviates from the measured rate coefficient by orders of magnitude. In addition the influence of external electric fields with field strengths up to 1300 V/cm on the dielectronic recombination rate coefficient has been investigated.
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| 6. |
- Muntean, Adrian, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Interface conditions for fast-reaction fronts in wet porous mineral materials : the case of concrete carbonation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Mathematics. - : Springer. - 0022-0833 .- 1573-2703. ; 65:1, s. 89-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction–diffusion processes, where slow diffusion balances fast reaction, usually exhibit internal loci where the reactions are concentrated. Some modeling and simulation aspects of using kinetic free-boundary conditions to drive fast carbonation reaction fronts into unsaturated porous cement-based materials are discussed. Providing full control on the velocity of the reaction front, such conditions offer a rich description of the coupling between transport, reaction, and change in the shape of the a priori unknown time-dependent regions. New models are formulated and validated by means of numerical simulations and experimental data.
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| 7. |
- Nandakumar, Kutty Selva, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Arthritogenic antibodies specific for a major type II collagen triple-helical epitope bind and destabilize cartilage independent of inflammation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 58:1, s. 184-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance and pathogenic potential of a highly conserved major type II collagen triple-helical epitope-specific antibody (U1; amino acids 494-504) in vivo and in vitro in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in experimental animal models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS: U1-specific antibodies in sera from patients with early RA (with or without joint erosions) were analyzed. Disease progression in the CIA models in mice and rats with anti-U1 antibodies was compared. The pathogenicity of binding of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) UL1 and CIIF4 to the U1 epitope and the F4 epitope (aa 926-936), respectively, was compared in vivo and on chondrocyte cultures and preformed cartilage in vitro, using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy analysis. In addition, UL1-induced proteoglycan depletion in vivo in the presence and absence of the complement factor C5 was analyzed. RESULTS: Increased levels of U1 antibodies were observed in patients with early RA, especially in association with joint erosions. A significant correlation of U1-specific antibodies with disease progression was found in rats and mice with CIA. UL1 mAb induced, whereas CIIF4 mAb inhibited, the progression of arthritis. Similarly, UL1, but not CIIF4, impaired matrix synthesis on chondrocyte cultures and adversely affected preformed cartilage. Furthermore, UL1 induced significant proteoglycan depletion in vivo 3 days after injection, even in the absence of C5. CONCLUSION: Antibody epitope specificity contributes significantly to the development of arthritis, and the early pathogenic events operate independent of inflammation both in vitro and in vivo.
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