| 1. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreaticojejunostomy: A valid operation in chronic pancreatitis?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:8, s. 1000-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Patients with chronic pancreatitis and intractable pain may be candidates for surgical intervention and various types of surgery have been described over time. The objective of this study was to describe long-term outcome following pancreaticojejunostomy in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Material and methods. Thirty-two patients with chronic pancreatitis underwent lateral pancreatiocojejunostomy and were then followed-up for 5 years. Results. The short-term results on relief of abdominal pain were good, but seemed to deteriorate at long-term follow-up (5 years), as did pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function. A substantial number of patients admitted to continued alcohol abuse at 5-year follow-up (31%). Conclusions. Pancreaticojejunostomy in patients with chronic pancreatitis renders good pain relief. In effect, the deterioration in abdominal pain at long-term follow-up was in parallel with a tendency towards a decline in both exocrine and endocrine function and a continued alcohol abuse.
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| 2. |
- Båth, Magnus, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: introduction to the RADIUS chest trial.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most digital radiographic systems of today have wide latitude and are hence able to provide images with a small constraint on dose level. This opens up for an unprejudiced dose optimisation. However, in order to succeed in the optimisation task, good knowledge of the imaging and detection processes is needed. As a part of the European-wide research project 'unification of physical and clinical requirements for medical X-ray imaging'-governed by the Radiological Imaging Unification Strategies (RADIUS) Group-a major image quality trial was conducted by members of the group. The RADIUS chest trial was focused on the detection of lung nodules in digital chest radiography with the aims of determining to what extent (1) the detection of a nodule is dependent on its location, (2) the system noise disturbs the detection of lung nodules, (3) the anatomical noise disturbs the detection of lung nodules and (4) the image background and anatomical background act as pure noise for the detection of lung nodules. The purpose of the present paper is to give an introduction to the trial and describe the framework and set-up of the investigation.
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| 3. |
- Båth, Magnus, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: part of image background acting as pure noise.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 102-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several factors that influence the radiologist's ability to detect a specific structure/lesion in a radiograph. Three factors that are commonly known to be of major importance are the signal itself, the system noise and the projected anatomy. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the image background acts as pure noise for the detection of subtle lung nodules in five different regions of the chest. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study with five observers was conducted on two different sets of images, clinical chest X-ray images and images with a similar power spectrum as the clinical images but with a random phase spectrum, resulting in an image background containing pure noise. Simulated designer nodules with a full-width-at-fifth-maximum of 10 mm but with varying contrasts were added to the images. As a measure of the part of the image background that acts as pure noise, the ratio between the contrast needed to obtain an area under the ROC curve of 0.80 in the clinical images to that in the random-phase images was used. The ratio ranged from 0.40 (in the lateral pulmonary regions) to 0.83 (in the hilar regions) indicating that there was a large difference between different regions regarding to what extent the image background acted as pure noise; and that in the hilar regions the image background almost completely acted as pure noise for the detection of 10 mm nodules.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Börjesson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Continuing Professional Development by Practitioner Integrated LearningContinuing Professional Development by Practitioner Integrated Learning
- 2007
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Ingår i: OOPSLA - Object-Oriented Programing Languages.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To prevent skilled professionals from being phased out or forced into professions for which they are not talented, organized forms of lifelong learning are needed. Continuing professional devel-opment is an approach supporting lifelong learning. This ap-proach is however criticized for being expensive and not providing the necessary knowledge. In response to this, we have executed a study in order to understand how universities can ef-fectively support continuous professional development. By in-volving industry professionals as participants in university courses using problem based learning, we have designed what we call Practitioner Integrated Learning (PIL). This learning ap-proach has shown positive effects in terms of level of learning, realism, knowledge diffusion, study load and costs. We present a 15-months action research project integrating 16 industry manag-ers and 16 university students in a continuing professional devel-opment effort. Based on this study, we argue that PIL is a learning approach that effectively supports continuing professional devel-opment.
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| 6. |
- Börjesson, Anna
(författare)
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Pulmonary Injury Following Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is a potentially life-threatening condition, sometimes leading to a systemic inflammatory response and the potential development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The overall aim of the thesis was to study the effects of intestinal I/R on pulmonary function with special emphasis on removal of excess alveolar fluid, pulmonary endothelial barrier permeability, leukocyte accumulation and function, and possible therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of pulmonary injury following intestinal I/R. Intestinal I/R was induced by clamping of the superior mesenteric artery for 40-45 min in male Sprague-Dawley rats, after which reperfusion was allowed for up to 12 hours. Results show that intestinal I/R leads to an inflammatory response locally as well as in the lungs, with increased tissue and plasma levels of TNF-alpha and MCP-1, neutrophil accumulation in intestinal and pulmonary tissue, and an increase in pulmonary phagocytic capacity. The results also demonstrate increased intestinal and pulmonary endothelial permeabilities, a decrease in pulmonary tissue blood content, disruption of normal alveolar type II epithelial cell morphology, and stimulation of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) through a non-catecholamine dependent mechanism. Protective effects of NAC, a broad-acting antioxidant, administration before the onset of reperfusion indicates involvement of oxygen free radicals in intestinal I/R-induced macrophage activation and decreased blood content. TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies administered before the onset of intestinal I/R decreased AFC stimulation, indicating the involvement of TNF-alpha in the AFC stimulation. Inhibition of the tissue factor (TF) VIIa complex formation by FVIIa-inhibition can attenuate the inflammatory response that occurs in assocation with intestinal I/R. The selective Factor Xa-inhibitor fondaparinux did, however, not demonstrate a convincing anti-inflammatory effect. Such properties are though not to be excluded since very limited dose response data exists with regard to potential anti-inflammatory properties also for FXa-inhibition.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Börjesson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A software tool for increased efficiency in observer performance studies in radiology.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 45-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observer performance studies are time-consuming tasks, both for the participating observers and for the scientists collecting and analysing the data. A possible way to optimise such studies is to perform them in a completely digital environment. A software tool-ViewDEX (Viewer for Digital Evaluation of X-ray images)-has been developed in Java, enabling it to function on almost any computer. ViewDEX is designed to handle several types of studies, such as visual grading analysis (VGA), image criteria scoring (ICS) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The results from each observer are saved in a log file, which can be exported for further analysis in, for example, a special software for analysing ROC results. By using ViewDEX for an ROC experiment, an evaluation rate of approximately 200 images per hour can be achieved, compared to approximately 25 images per hour using hard copy evaluation. The results are obtained within minutes of completion of the viewing. The risk of human errors in the process of data collection and analysis is also minimised. The viewer has been used in a major trial containing approximately 2700 images.
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| 9. |
- Hagström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Wax esters produced by solvent-free energy-efficient enzymatic synthesis and their applicability as wood coatings
- 2005
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9270 .- 1463-9262. ; 7:12, s. 837-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed at developing a process for making a wood coating wax based on the principles of green chemistry. The research was conducted within the Swedish interdisciplinary research programme Greenchem. Wax esters are attractive since they are non-hazardous, biodegradable and can be produced in an atom-efficient process from building blocks obtained from renewable resources. Four wax esters were prepared in a solvent-free process using an immobilised lipase as catalyst. When the water was removed during the process from what was initially an equimolar mixture of the starting materials carboxylic acid and alcohol by a stream of dry air passed through the reactor, there was a 95-99% conversion to the ester. The enzymatic process consumed 34% less energy and generated less waste than chemical esterification using a strong acid as catalyst. Two of the esters worked well in the industrial wood coating equipment employed and produced surfaces resistant to water and somewhat less to fat stains.
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| 10. |
- Haraldsen, Pernille, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury - effects of Lexipafant, a PAF-antagonist
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:1, s. 53-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Pulmonary injury is an important determinant of outcome in severe acute pancreatitis. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the potential effect of lexipafant, a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, on pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury in experimental acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate in rats that were given the PAF antagonist lexipafant either before (pretreatment) or after (treatment) induction of pancreatitis. Pulmonary endothelial barrier permeability, oedema, protease inhibitor levels, pulmonary ultrastructure and membrane system integrity and levels of interleukin-1 and -6 were evaluated. Results. Pulmonary injury was characterized by increased pulmonary endothelial barrier permeability, alveolar oedema and hypoxaemia, which were noted 12 h after the induction of pancreatitis. Pretreatment with lexipafant counteracted the increase in endothelial permeability and partially prevented derangements of protease inhibitor levels. Treatment with lexipafant reduced the severity of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction and diminished the pancreatitis-induced increase in cytokines. Conclusions. PAF seems to play a major role in experimental pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury and protease inhibitor imbalance. Treatment with a PAF inhibitor may ameliorate pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury.
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