| 1. |
- Wärdig, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
An intervention with physical activity and lifestyle counseling improves health-related quality of life and shows small improvements in metabolic risk factors in persons with psychosis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 37:1, s. 43-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General purpose: To study the effects of a lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and metabolic risk factors in persons with psychosis.Methodology: A longitudinal intervention study with a matched reference sample.Results: HRQoL measured by the EQ-VAS improved from 57.6 to 63.3 (17.8) in the intervention group (p=0.05). The HDL cholesterol concentration increased from 1.03 to 1.11 (0.19) mmol/l in the intervention group (p=0.02). There was no significant change in body weight.Conclusion: A lifestyle intervention based on group meetings improves HRQoL in patients with psychosis. There are also small improvements in metabolic risk factors.
|
|
| 2. |
- Wärdig, Rikard, 1979-
(författare)
-
Common People : Physical health, lifestyle and quality of life in persons with psychosis and their striving to be like everybody else
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: As psychosis is often a lifelong disorder, improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be a relevant treatment goal. Persons with psychosis have significantly reduced physical health. Research has demonstrated a great excess of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, as psychosis may lead to an inactive lifestyle and difficulties making healthy lifestyle choices. Metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics are also common. Many are therefore affected by the metabolic syndrome. The overall situation calls for action by developing health promotion interventions suitable for this group. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the physical health of persons with psychosis. However, efforts have not been optimally tailored to the needs of this group, and health care services have not done enough, despite being aware of the problem.Aim: The general aim of this thesis was to study HRQoL, and metabolic risk factors in persons with psychosis, and by a health promotion intervention and through the participants’ own perspective contribute to an improvement in lifestyle interventions.Methods: Study 1 had a cross-sectional cohort study design that was carried out in specialised psychiatric outpatient departments in Sweden. The patients (n=903) were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and invited consecutively to participate. A prospective population-based study of public health in the south-east of Sweden (n=7238) served as reference group. Patients were assessed using psychiatric questionnaires, including the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Health-related quality of life was assessed using the EQ5D, both for patients and the population. Several other health status outcomes relevant to the metabolic syndrome were measured, together with lifestyle habits and clinical characteristics. Study II, III and IV were based on a lifestyle intervention for persons with psychosis. Study II was a longitudinal intervention study with a matched reference sample. The purpose of the lifestyle intervention was to promote a healthier lifestyle by combining theoretical education with physical activities. The intervention group consisted of 42 participants. A matching procedure was made in which two individuals per participant were matched (n=84) into a reference group. The reference sample was matched for sex, BMI class, and being of as similar an age as possible. Socio-demographics were collected and metabolic risk factors relevant to the metabolic syndrome were measured. Symptom severity was measured using Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and HRQoL was assessed using EQ5D. Measurements were made at baseline and at a one-year follow-up. In study III, a qualitative exploratory study was conducted in order to explore prerequisites for a healthy lifestyle. Data were collected through individual interviews (n=40), using a semi-structured interview guide with participants who had undergone the lifestyle intervention. Data were collected 6–7 months after the intervention had been completed. Conventional content analysis was used. Study IV was also based on these 40 interviews and aimed to describe how persons with psychosis perceive participation in a lifestyle intervention. A phenomenographic analysis approach was used.Results/conclusions: Persons with psychosis are at great additional risk of physical comorbidity. Almost half of the patients met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. In addition, persons with psychosis had significantly lower HRQoL in all dimensions in the EQ5D, except for the pain/discomfort dimension. The only risk factor included in the metabolic syndrome that was associated with lower HRQoL was elevated blood pressure. Raised LDL-cholesterol was also related to lower HRQoL, together with low GAF, older age, high BMI, and female gender. The intervention study demonstrated that HRQoL was significantly improved in the intervention group when comparing EQ-VAS at baseline and at the one-year follow-up. It can be concluded that our intervention was not powerful enough to influence the metabolic factors to any greater extent. The key prerequisite for a healthy lifestyle seemed to be a wish to take part in the society and a longing to live like everybody else. However, many became stuck in a constant state of planning instead of taking action towards achieving a healthy lifestyle. Support by health care professionals is therefore also a prerequisite for a healthy lifestyle. This support should target the transition from thought to action and facilitate the participants’ ability to mirror themselves against healthy people in society by introducing activities they perceive that “common people” do. The challenge for health care professionals is to find a moderate intervention level that does not underestimate or overestimate the person’s capacity. This can facilitate continued participation, and participants can thereby find new social contacts and achieve health benefits.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wärdig, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
Persons with psychosis perceptions of participating in a lifestyle intervention
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 24:13-14, s. 1815-1824
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:To describe how persons with psychosis perceive participation in a lifestyle intervention, and use these perceptions to present factors to for consideration in future interventions.BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome is common in persons with psychosis. A healthy lifestyle is the primary option for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome, which is why the importance of lifestyle interventions has come into focus among health care professionals. Identifying perceptions of participation in a lifestyle intervention can increase the understanding of how to design future interventions.DESIGN:A qualitative, phenomenographic approach was selected, using semi-structured interviews.METHODS:The sample consisted of 40 participants with a psychotic disorder, who had undergone a lifestyle intervention focusing on theoretical education in healthy eating and physical activities. The interviews were conducted in 2011 and 2012, six to seven months after the intervention had been completed.RESULTS:The findings comprise three categories that emphasise the need for a moderate intervention level that facilitates participation and thereby social interactions among group members. The experience of success in the intervention supported the perception of oneself as a capable individual. However, it could also be the opposite, another experience of failure.CONCLUSION:Content in moderation can facilitate participation, and participants can thereby achieve health benefits and find social contacts. In addition to physical activity and lifestyle habits, interventions should have a social focus and be continuous. Professional support is a prerequisite and should facilitate the participants' ability to mirror themselves against healthy people in society by introducing activities that ordinary people do.RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE:Identifying perceptions of participation in a lifestyle intervention can increase the understanding of how to design and manage future interventions. This is also an aspect that is important to consider in everyday clinical practice.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gutefeldt, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Dysregulated growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in adult type 1 diabetes with long duration
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : WILEY. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 89:4, s. 424-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextIn type 1 diabetes (T1D), dysregulation of the GH-IGF-1 axis has been reported. Whether this is related to upper extremity impairments (UEI) is unknown. ObjectiveExamine differences in GH-IGF-1 axis between T1D on subcutaneous insulin treatment and matched controls without diabetes and possible associations between GH-IGF-1 axis and UEI. DesignCross-sectional population-based study. Patients with T1D, onset amp;lt;35years, duration 20years, amp;lt;67years old and controls were invited to answer questionnaires and take blood samples. SubjectsA total of 605 patients with T1D and 533 controls accepted to participate. OutcomesFasting levels of IGF-1, IGF-1 Z-score, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, C-peptide, GH and UEI. ResultsPatients with T1D had lower IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and higher IGFBP-1 and GH than controls. The difference in IGF-1 persisted with age. Insulin dose was associated with increasing IGF-1 Z-score but even at a very high insulin dose (amp;gt;1U/kg) IGF-1 Z-score was subnormal compared to controls. IGF-1 Z-score was unaffected by glycaemic control (HbA1c) but increased with residual insulin secretion, (C-peptide 1-99 pmol/L). IGFBP-1 was associated with fasting blood glucose, negatively in controls and positively in patients with T1D probably reflecting insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, respectively. There was no association between lower IGF-1 Z-score and UEI in T1D. ConclusionIn adult T1D with fair glycaemic control, the GH-IGF-1 axis is dysregulated exhibiting GH resistance, low IGF-1 and elevated IGFBP-1. Subcutaneous insulin cannot normalize these changes while endogenous insulin secretion has marked effects on IGF-1 pointing to a role of portal insulin.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gutefeldt, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Upper extremity impairments in type 1 diabetes with long duration : common problems with great impact on daily life
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 41:6, s. 633-640
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence, activity limitations and potential risk factors of upper extremity impairments in type 1 diabetes in comparison to controls.METHODS: In a cross-sectional population-based study in the southeast of Sweden, patients with type 1 diabetes <35 years at onset, duration ≥20 years, <67 years old and matched controls were invited to answer a questionnaire on upper extremity impairments and activity limitations and to take blood samples.RESULTS: Seven hundred and seventy-three patients (ages 50 ± 10 years, diabetes duration 35 ± 10 years) and 708 controls (ages 54 ± 9 years) were included. Shoulder pain and stiffness, hand paraesthesia and finger impairments were common in patients with a prevalence of 28-48%, which was 2-4-folds higher than in controls. Compared to controls, the patients had more bilateral impairments, often had coexistence of several upper extremity impairments, and in the presence of impairments, reported more pronounced activity limitations. Female gender (1.72 (1.066-2.272), p = 0.014), longer duration (1.046 (1.015-1.077), p = 0.003), higher body mass index (1.08 (1.017-1.147), p = 0.013) and HbA1c (1.029 (1.008-1.05), p = 0.007) were associated with upper extremity impairments.CONCLUSIONS: Compared to controls, patients with type 1 diabetes have a high prevalence of upper extremity impairments, often bilateral, which are strongly associated with activity limitations. Recognising these in clinical practise is crucial, and improved preventative, therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions are needed. Implications for rehabilitation Upper extremity impairments affecting the shoulder, hand and fingers are common in patients with type 1 diabetes, the prevalence being 2-4-fold higher compared to non-diabetic persons. Patients with diabetes type 1 with upper extremity impairments have more pronounced limitations in daily activities compared to controls with similar impairments. Recognising upper extremity impairments and activity limitations are important and improved preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation methods are needed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hadziabdic, Emina, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish version of measuring cultural awareness in nursing students : validity and reliability test
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6955. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNearly 20 % of the Swedish population is foreign-born. Increased exposure of patients from diverse cultures means there is an urgent need to address their unique requirements and provide optimal health care to a diverse population. Nursing schools thus have an important goal of educating nurses to ensure they are culturally competent. Culturally competent care improves safety and equity for patients. To measure cultural awareness among nursing students in Sweden, the aim of this study was to translate, adapt and test the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of a cultural awareness scale which has not previously been tested.MethodsA total of 158 nursing students from three universities in Sweden completed the 36-item questionnaire on cultural awareness. Verification of face and content validity and a translation/reverse translation process were first carried out.ResultsThe results indicate that one item (no 13) caused weak reliability and validity, and therefore it was removed. The reliability test result (with 35 items) showed Cronbach’s Alpha ranged from 0.60 to 0.87. The Model ChiSq group fit for five factors was 50.44 (31.27–77.06; Df = 5; p < 0.001), and the RMSEA was 0.24 (C.I 95 % = 0.18–0.30).ConclusionThe findings of the validity and reliability tests revealed that the CAS-scale for the 35 items is valid and reliable for use with Swedish nursing students. However, the CAS should be further tested in larger and more diverse samples of nursing students before being used in different socio-cultural settings.
|
|
| 7. |
- Holstein, Jane, 1970-
(författare)
-
Cultural Competence for Health Professionals : Instrument Development
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, both global migration in general and specifically migration to Sweden have increased. This development compels the need for delivering healthcare to the increasingly diverse populations in Sweden. To support health professionals, for instance occupational therapists, in developing their professional knowledge in encounters with foreign-born clients a self-rating instrument measuring cultural competence is developed. This may contribute to the development of suitable services for foreignborn clients and improve person-centered interventions for these clients.The general aim of this thesis was to develop an instrument for health professionals by examining psychometric properties and utility of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument (CCAI-S) among occupational therapists. The specific aim of study I was to evaluate the content validity and utility of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument (CCAI-S) among occupational therapists. The study had a descriptive and explorative design. Nineteen occupational therapists participated, divided into four focus groups. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine the content validity and utility of the CCAI-S. The specific aim of study II was to examine the clinical relevance, construct validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument (CCAI-S) among Swedish occupational therapists. The study had a cross-sectional design. A web-based questionnaire was e-mailed to a randomised sample of 428 occupational therapists to investigate the construct validity, reliability and utility of the CCAI-S. Factor analysis was performed as well as descriptive statistics.The findings from study I revealed high content validity for all 24 items. However, six items needed reformulations and exemplifications. Regarding utility, the results showed strong support for CCAI-S. The category ‘Interactions with clients’ showed that the CCAI-S could be utilised individually for the health professional and create a higher awareness of cultural questions in practice. The category ‘Workplace and its organisational support’ displayed potential for use in different workplaces regarding CCAI-S and indicated the importance of organisational support for health professionals in the development of cultural competence. The findings from study II regarding construct validity generated a three-factor model with the labels ‘Openness and awareness’, ‘Workplace support’ and ‘Interaction skills’. All three factors showed high factor loadings and contained 12 of the 24 original items. The Cronbach’s Alpha showed high support for the three-factor model. Concerning utility, the participants reported that all 24 items had high clinical relevance.In conclusion, the findings from the two studies indicated good measurement properties and high clinical relevance for the CCAI-S. This may sup-port the utilisation of CCAI-S in the Swedish context for health professionals, for instance occupational therapists. The results of the instrument development show that the upcoming published version of the CCAI-S can be a valuable self-assessment tool for health professionals who strive to improve in person-centred communication in encounters with foreign-born clients. CCAI-S can also be of support for the organisation to serve as a guide for what to focus on to develop cultural competence within the staff. Altogether this presumably influence the effectiveness of the healthcare and enhance the evidence of interventions for foreign-born clients. To develop an instrument is an iterative process requiring several evaluations and tests in various settings and populations. Therefore further psychometric testing and utility studies on the CCAI-S is crucial.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hultsjö, Sally, et al.
(författare)
-
“Cultural awareness requires more than theoretical education” : nursing students’ experiences
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 39, s. 73-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural awareness in healthcare providers is considered one of the most important factors in improving the efficiency and quality of care in a diverse population. Thus, education in cultural awareness needs to be an essential component in nursing education. This study, which uses a qualitative design, aimed to investigate cultural awareness in nursing students in Sweden. Focus groups were used to collect data from 12 students. Three categories were identified as follows after qualitative data analysis of the interviews: 1) desire to learn, 2) learning by doing and 3) caring beyond boundaries. The result clearly indicates that students are willing to learn more about how to care for people with different cultural backgrounds. However, this learning is not always available in official lecture-based education. In fact, most awareness about cultural aspects of healthcare is developed from practice and informal education.Finally, the result also revealed the importance of nurses being able to see the individual beyond the culture, and being aware of their own prejudice. In conclusion, education offers limited opportunities for nursing students to become culturally aware. Nursing education can be improved by strengthening both theoretical and practical tasks involving cultural awareness.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson Stark, Åsa, 1959-
(författare)
-
Empowering knowledge and Quality of Recovery after hip or knee replacement
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundArthroplasty is commonly used for an increasing population of patients with osteoarthritis, and the recovery process starts directly after surgery. Today’s shorter hospital stay may be a challenge for the patients and their spouses. Patient education is linked to and promotes the recovery process and can improve the outcome after elective hip or knee replacement. Fulfilment of knowledge expectations is essential for enabling people to become empowered during the period of recovery.AimThe overall aim was to explore the association between empowering knowledge and patients’ quality of recovery after elective hip or knee replacement.MethodsThe design of the four papers was descriptive, prospective and comparative. Consecutively included patients and their spouses from Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Iceland and Sweden answered questionnaires before surgery and at discharge from hospital. Data was collected during the years 2009-2012. Relationships and associations between a number of factors and fulfilment of knowledge expectations, and patients’ quality of recovery were investigated. Comparisons between patients undergoing hip or knee replacement and between patients and their spouses were made.ResultsPatients and their spouses had similar knowledge expectations, and these were not fulfilled during the hospital stay. Spouses had less fulfilled knowledge expectations compared with the patients. Swedish patients and spouses had less fulfilled knowledge expectations compared with the Icelandic and Finnish ones. Patients who experienced the hospital stay as meeting their general expectations had more fulfilled knowledge expectations compared with those who did not.Access to knowledge was the main predictor of the variance in fulfilment of knowledge expectations. Negative emotions, such as depressive state and impatience, were associated with less fulfilled knowledge expectations. For patients undergoing hip replacement, a higher level of professional education was associated with less fulfilled knowledge expectations. For patients undergoing knee replacement, a history of employment in social services or healthcare was associated with less fulfilled knowledge expectations.Patients’ experience of greater satisfaction with care was associated with better quality of recovery for both kinds of arthroplasty. Patients with fulfilled knowledge expectations experienced better quality of recovery. The spouserelated factors, namely uncertainty and depressive state, were associated with lower quality of recovery. Factors associated with greater quality of recovery among the patients were spouses with a history of employment in social services or health care, and nurses explaining matters concerning the care and treatment for the spouses.ConclusionPatients and their spouses had high knowledge expectations that were not fulfilled during the hospital stay. Patients’ emotional state and their access to knowledge were important for their fulfilment of knowledge expectations. Patients’ and spouses’ emotional state also played an important role in determining the patients’ quality of recovery, and greater satisfaction with care among the patients was associated with better quality of recovery.These results emphasise the need to detect patients and their spouses in need of support in their preparation and recovery process. It is therefore important to assess patients’ and spouses’ personal knowledge expectations, and adapt to their emotional state while fulfilling them.The content of patient education should be personalised in future care, and informal caregivers should be seriously taken into account during the period of early recovery. The results of this thesis can be used in the development and testing of person-centred educational interventions for patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacements.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson Stark, Åsa, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Spouse-related factors associated with Quality of Recovery of patients after hip or knee replacement : a Nordic perspective
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1878-1241 .- 1878-1292. ; 23, s. 32-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Today’s shorter hospital stays means that patients may need support from informal caregivers during their recovery period. The responsibility for providing this support shifts from the health care staff to their family members fairly early in the recovery process. Spousal caregivers are considered to be primary caregivers as their relationship with the patient is more interdependent than other family members or caregivers.Objectives: The aim was to describe spouse-related factors that were associated with patients’ quality of recovery on discharge from hospital after elective hip or knee replacement.Design: The design was prospective, descriptive and comparative with two measurements; before arthroplasty and on discharge.Settings: Two Finnish, three Icelandic and two Swedish university or community hospitals.Participants: The sample consisted of spouses and patients. The inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, able to complete the questionnaires, and able to understand Finnish/Icelandic/Swedish. The patients were asked to identify one family member. Spouses were those defining themselves as; wife, husband or cohabiting partner. Out of 463 spouses, 306 (66%) were included. The mean age of the included spouses was 64 years, and 54% of them were females.Methods: Self-reported instruments on; expected and received knowledge, access to knowledge, emotional state and quality of recovery were used.Results: If the spouses were or had been employed in the social services or healthcare their partner had greater quality of recovery (p=0.006). Spouses experiencing negative emotions had partners who experienced lower quality of recovery (p<0.001). Spouses who experienced that nurses had enough time and explained matters concerning their family members’ care and treatment had partners who experienced greater quality of recovery (p=0.011, 0.044).Conclusions: Spouses’ emotional state played an important role in the patients’ quality of recovery, with uncertainty and depressive state as the main predictors. The importance of nurses explaining matters sufficiently to spouses was emphasized, while spouses’ fulfilment of knowledge expectations was not associated with patients’ recovery.
|
|
