| 1. |
- Anderson, Robert, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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What's the point? The contribution of a sustainability view in contaminated site remediation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 630, s. 103-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision support tools (DST) are often used in remediation projects to aid in the complex decision on how best to remediate a contaminated site. In recent years, the sustainable remediation concept has brought increased attention to the often-overlooked contradictory effects of site remediation, with a number of sustainability assessment tools now available. The aim of the present study is twofold: (1) to demonstrate how and when different assessment views affect the decision support outcome on remediation alternatives in a DST, and (2) to demonstrate the contribution of a full sustainability assessment. The SCORE tool was used in the analysis; it is based on a holistic multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, assessing sustainability in three dimensions: environmental, social, and economic. Four assessment scenarios, compared to a full sustainability assessment, were considered to reflect different possible assessment views; considering public and private problem owner perspectives, as well as green and traditional assessment scopes. Four real case study sites in Sweden were analyzed. The results show that the decision support outcome from a full sustainability assessment most often differs to that of other assessment views, and results in remediation alternatives which balance trade-offs in most of the scenarios. In relation to the public perspective and traditional scope, which is seen to lead to the most extensive and expensive remediation alternatives, the trade-off is related to less contaminant removal in favour of reduced negative secondary effects such as emissions and waste disposal. Compared to the private perspective, associated with the lowest cost alternatives, the trade-off is higher costs, but more positive environmental and social effects. Generally, both the green and traditional assessment scopes miss out on relevant social and local environmental secondary effects which may ultimately be very important for the actual decision in a remediation project.
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| 2. |
- Back, Pär-Erik, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Markmiljöns skyddsvärde – En härledning med utgångspunkt i miljöetik och lagstiftning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid riskbedömning av förorenade områden ska riskerna som föroreningen utgör bedömas för olika skyddsobjekt, främst människor, markmiljö, grund- och ytvatten. I fördjupade riskbedömningar kan det även vara aktuellt att bestämma lämpliga skyddsnivåer för skyddsobjekten. Till vilken nivå vi väljer att skydda ett objekt beror i hög grad på objektets skyddsvärde. Vad detta skyddsvärde består av och hur stort det anses vara beror i sin tur på vem det är som gör värderingen och vilket miljöetiskt synsätt som tillämpas. När skyddsobjektet markmiljö ska värderas uppstår ofta många frågor och oenigheten mellan olika aktörer kan ibland vara stor.Syftet med publikationen är att tydliggöra vad som avses med begreppet markmiljöns skyddsvärde och beskriva vad det består av. Olika miljöetiska synsätt kan leda till att vår markmiljö värderas olika högt beroende på vem som utför värderingen. I syfte att skapa en gemensam grund för denna typ av värderingar har vi här valt att utgå från den miljöetik som ligger till grund för vår miljölagstiftning. Målet med publikationen är att presentera en härledning av markmiljöns skyddsvärde och ge en grund för hur man kan resonera kring flera av de besvärliga frågor som ställs beträffande skyddet av markmiljön.Rapporten innehåller också en allmän diskussion av skyddsvärdet men beskriver inte konkret hur markmiljön bör värderas vid ett enskilt objekt. Publikationen är med andra ord ingen vägledning i den bemärkelsen att den är direkt tillämpbar för värdering i verkliga projekt. Vår förhoppning är istället att publikationen kommer att utgöra en viktig grund för arbetet med att ta fram framtida vägledningsmaterial för ekologisk riskbedömning samt riskvärdering.
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| 3. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 4. |
- Gyhlesten Back, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of prior deformation in austenite on the martensite formation in a low-alloyed carbon steel
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - : Trans Tech Publications. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 941, s. 95-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current work aims at developing models supporting design of the rolling and quenching processes. This requires a martensite formation model that can account for effect of previous plastic deformation as well as evolution of stress and temperature during the quenching step. The effect of deformation prior to the cooling on the transformation is evaluated. The experimental result shows that prior deformation impedes the martensite transformation due to the mechanical stabilisation of the austenite phase. Larger deformation above 30 % reduces the effect of the mechanical stabilisation due to increase in martensite nucleation sites. The computed transformation curves, based on an extended version of the Koistinen-Marburger equation, agree well with experimental results for pre-straining less than 30 %.
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| 5. |
- Gyhlesten Back, Jessica
(författare)
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Modelling and Characterisation of the Martensite Formation in Low Alloyed Carbon Steels
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current work contains experimental and theoretical work about the formation of martensite from the austenitic state of the steel Hardox 450. Simulation of rolling and subsequent quenching of martensitic steel plates requires a model that can account for previous deformation, current stresses and the temperature history, therefore dilatometry experiments were performed, with and without deformation. Two austenitization schedules were used and in the standard dilatometry the cooling rates varied between 5-100 °C/s, in order to find the minimum cooling rate that gives a fully martensitic microstructure. Cooling rates larger than 40°C/s gave a fully martensitic microstructure. The cooling rate of 100 °C/s was used in the deformation dilatometry tests where the uniaxial deformation varied from 5-50 %. The theoretical work involved modelling of the martensite formation and the thermal/transformation strains they cause in the steel. Characterizations were done using light optical microscopy, hardness tests and electron backscatter diffraction technique. The parent austenite grains of the martensitic structure were reconstructed using the orientation relationship between the parent austenite and the martensite. Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationships have previously been proven to work well for low-carbon steels and was therefore selected.The standard implementation of the Koistinen-Marburger equation for martensite formation and a more convenient approach were compared. The latter approach does not require the storage of initial austenite fraction at start of martensite formation. The comparison shows that the latter model works equally well for the martensite formation. The results showed that the use of martensite start and finish temperatures calibrated versus experiments for Hardox 450 works better when computing thermal expansion than use of general relations based on the chemistry of the steel.The results from deformation dilatometry showed that deformation by compressive uniaxial stresses impedes the martensite transformation. The simplified incremental model works well for deformation with 5 % and 10 %. However, the waviness in the experimental curve for deformation 50 % does not fit the model due vi to large barrelling effect and the large relative expansion for the material that the sample holders are made of.Crystallographic reconstruction of parent austenite grains were performed on a hot-rolled as-received reference sample and dilatometry samples cooled with 60 °C/s and 100 °C/s. The misorientation results showed that the samples match with the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship in both hot rolled product and dilatometry samples. When misorientation between adjacent pixels are between 15° and 48°, then the boundary between them was considered as a parent austenite grain. The austenitic grain boundaries of the sample cooled at 100 °C/s is in general identical with the hot rolled sample when considering high angle boundaries (15°-48°). The results from the hardness tests showed that the rolled product exhibits higher hardness as compared to samples cooled by 100 °C/s and 60 °C/s. This can be attributed to the formation of transition-iron-carbides in the hot rolled product due to longer exposure of coiling temperature.
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| 6. |
- Lindgren, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Elastic properties of ferrite and austenite in low alloy steels versus temperature and alloying
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 2589-1529. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models for elastic properties, as a function of temperature, are required when simulating various thermo-mechanical processes. A model for hypoeutectoid steels is proposed that accounts for this temperature dependency as well as the influence of alloying. The model consists of separate parts for the ferrite and austenite phases. The latter also includes a specific contribution due to ferromagnetism. The model is calibrated versus iron and evaluated against various steels.
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| 7. |
- Singh, B., et al.
(författare)
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Study of doubly strange systems using stored antiprotons
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 954, s. 323-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the PANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution gamma-spectroscopy of doubly strange Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Xi(-) -atoms will be feasible and even the production of Omega(-) -atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the vertical bar S vertical bar = 3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Omega(-) -nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Xi(+) in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions.
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