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| 2. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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Returnee entrepreneurs and the performance implications of political and business relationships under institutional uncertainty
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 128, s. 245-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Returnee entrepreneurs, despite their assumed advantages in possessing international experiences and advanced knowledge, suffer from liability of returnee due to a lack of relationships with political and business actors and experience institutional uncertainty in the home market as they move across different institutional environments. This study investigates how returnee entrepreneurs can strategically utilize relationships with political and business actors to achieve better performance and the conditional effect of institutional uncertainty. Based on a survey of 200 Chinese returnee entrepreneurs, we find that business relationships play a dominant role in influencing business performance and that this role is even stronger under institutional uncertainty. Political relationships support the formation of business relationships and are associated with business performance via the mediation of business relationships. Our study contributes to developing a nuanced understanding of the complementary effect of political and business relationships on returnee venture performance in emerging economies.
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| 3. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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SMEs' regional diversification : dynamic patterns and home market institutional determinants
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Marketing Review. - : Emerald Publishing. - 0265-1335 .- 1758-6763.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The authors seek to advance the understanding of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization at the regional level and examine the role of home market institutions in this process. Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyze hypotheses with data from SMEs in five country markets and from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. A cluster analysis establishes the regional diversification patterns (based on regional diversification scope, speed and rhythm) and a multinomial regression tests the effect of home market institutions on their adoption. Findings: The results offer a refined picture of SME regional diversification by revealing three patterns: intra-regionally focused firms, late inter-region diversifiers and early inter-region diversifiers. They also suggest that the adoption of these patterns is determined by SMEs' home market institutions. Originality/value: The authors develop a nuanced understanding of SME internationalization by building upon and expanding the regionalization rationale in the internationalization patterns literature. Additionally, the authors address the acknowledged, yet rarely investigated, country-level determinants of internationalization patterns. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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| 4. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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SMEs' regional diversification : dynamic patterns and home market institutional determinants
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Marketing Review. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0265-1335 .- 1758-6763. ; 41:2, s. 358-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The authors seek to advance the understanding of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization at the regional level and examine the role of home market institutions in this process.Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyze hypotheses with data from SMEs in five country markets and from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. A cluster analysis establishes the regional diversification patterns (based on regional diversification scope, speed and rhythm) and a multinomial regression tests the effect of home market institutions on their adoption.Findings: The results offer a refined picture of SME regional diversification by revealing three patterns: intra-regionally focused firms, late inter-region diversifiers and early inter-region diversifiers. They also suggest that the adoption of these patterns is determined by SMEs' home market institutions.Originality/value: The authors develop a nuanced understanding of SME internationalization by building upon and expanding the regionalization rationale in the internationalization patterns literature. Additionally, the authors address the acknowledged, yet rarely investigated, country-level determinants of internationalization patterns.
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| 5. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Business and Social Networks in the Effectual Internationalization : Insights from Emerging Market SMEs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 129, s. 96-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the performance implications of the distinct mechanisms represented by business and social networks in the effectual internationalization. Our hypotheses consider the influence of both network types on firms’ decision-making during internationalization, including the use of effectuation’s overarching principle of non-predictive strategy and the analysis of affordable losses as preferred criterion for selecting between action paths. We test our structural model on a sample of 469 SMEs from Brazil, China, and Poland. The analysis demonstrates that the knowledge circulating in the firms’ business networks negatively moderates the relationship between non-predictive strategy and affordable losses, while social networking mediates the relationships between both non-predictive strategy and affordable losses, on the one hand, and international performance, on the other.
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| 6. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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Where business networks and institutions meet : Internationalization decision-making under uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of International Management. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 1075-4253 .- 1873-0620. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both business networks and institutional forces are relevant to firm internationalization but they have seldom been studied together. We investigate under what circumstances firms are more likely to adopt non-predictive strategy in light of the influence of the business networks, the institutional forces, and the home market background affecting their internationalization. Based on survey data from 758 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from Brazil, China, Poland, Italy, and Sweden, our results support the effects of formal institutional distance and cultural differences on the use of non-predictive strategies by SMEs in internationalization decisions, as well as the contingency effects of business network stability and of having an emerging market background. We integrate research on the liability of foreignness and the liability of outsidership and find that business network stability is critical. It does not moderate the relation between cultural difference and NPS adoption but attenuates the negative relation between institutional distance and NPS adoption, indicating that the liabilities of foreignness and outsidership play different roles in internationalization. © 2021 The Author(s)
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| 7. |
- Chetty, Sylvie, et al.
(författare)
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Causal foreign market selection and effectual entry decision-making: The mediating role of collaboration to enhance international performance
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foreign market selection and entry are important decisions for internationalizing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) because they involve uncertainty, and influence performance. While it is inherent in effectual foreign market entry (FME) decision-making to rely on international partners and relationships to develop international markets, causal foreign market selection and business relationships/networks have frequently been presented as alternative ways to expand abroad. We conceive SMEs' foreign market selection and entry as international business decisions and build on causal and effectual logic, and business network theory, to propose a model explaining SMEs' international performance. We contribute to international business and SME literature by uncovering two different paths (causal and effectual) to FME collaboration and international performance. FME collaboration mediates the relation between causal foreign market selection and effectual entry decisionmaking and international performance. Our theoretical explanation for the mediating mechanism through which international performance can be enhanced is the network approach.
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| 8. |
- Fjellström, Daniella, et al.
(författare)
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Springboard internationalisation in times of geopolitical tensions
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Business Review. - : Emerald. - 0969-5931 .- 1873-6149. ; 32:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geopolitical tensions and a world where state interventions are driven by national security and ideology present novel challenges for emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Often, individual companies are targeted, and their corporate growth gets curbed. These phenomena are derived from non-market factors, which are generally absent in the springboard view of the international business discourse that explains the foreign expansion of EMNEs by viewing these firms as ambidextrous organisations capable of handling conflicting requirements. This research aims to understand the international expansion of EMNEs under geopolitical tensions by incorporating non-market factors into the ambidexterity model to enrich the springboard view. A case study of Huawei and its exclusion from the telecommunications industry in Sweden forms the empirical base of this research. The contributions are twofold. First, within the springboard view, the ambidexterity model can be upgraded by incorporating non-market factors that better explain the international expansion of EMNEs in changing geopolitical and business contexts. Second, the research highlights the management of EMNEs' subsidiaries while considering geopolitical tensions.
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| 9. |
- Huq, Asif M, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional Isomorphism and CSR Reporting of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate the direct and indirect effects of the EU-wide mandatory CSR reporting reform (2014/95/EU). We argue and find that, in addition to direct effects, coercive pressure also has spillover effects. An example of such a spillover effect of coercive pressure due to the reform is the change in reporting behavior of firms not subject to the reform, i.e., not directly coerced by the regulation. We exploit the Swedish implementation of the reform as a natural experiment to test our hypotheses and find that firms coerced by the reform increase their CSR reporting by 3.5 issues on average. However, firms not coerced by the regulation but close to being regulated increase their CSR reporting by 5.2 issues. As such, firms close to being regulated change their behavior more at the time of the reform than do those that are actually regulated. We also find that the spillover effects are significantly higher for low than high prereform reporters. On the other hand, the direct effects on low prereform reporters are insignificant. Together, the results refine our understanding of the institutionalization process of CSR reporting in a mandatory setting. The results are robust for various model specifications and provide useful insights for regulators and managers.
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