| 1. |
- Uhrberg, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of Sn/Si(111) √3×√3 : Indications of a low-temperature phase
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 62:12, s. 8082-8086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sn/Si(111) √3×√3 surface has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy. Unlike Sn/Ge(111), the Sn/Si(111) surface shows a √3×√3 LEED pattern at low temperature also (70 K). The electronic structure, however, is inconsistent with a pure √3×√3 phase. Sn 4d spectra exhibit two major components and the valence band shows two surface bands. These features have been associated with the low-temperature 3×3 phase in the case of Sn/Ge(111). The similarity in the electronic structure points to stabilization of a low-temperature phase for Sn/Si(111) also, but at a significantly lower temperature (<70 K).
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| 2. |
- Wang, Lihui, et al.
(författare)
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Realizing Holonic Control with Function Blocks
- 2001
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Ingår i: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering. - : IOS Press. - 1069-2509 .- 1875-8835. ; 8:1, s. 81-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future manufacturing systems will be required to be agile, flexible and fault-tolerant. Development of these next-generation systems will not only require new approaches, but also new ways of thinking about these systems. This paper describes a real-time control architecture for distributed intelligent control that combines the emerging IEC-1499 standard for distributed control with the holonic control paradigm. The focus of the paper is on a generic control system designer for the lower process/machine control layer of this real-time control architecture. This paper outlines related research into control system architecture using multi-agent negotiation and cooperation, then describes the intelligent control function design interface and automatic control code generation.
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