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- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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- Berg, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C forms different complexes with monodisperse and micellar phosphatidylcholine
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 43:7, s. 2080-2090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from Bacillus cereus forms a premicellar complex E# with monodisperse diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine (DC7PC) that is distinguishable from the E* complex formed with micelles. Results are interpreted with the assumption that in both cases amphiphiles bind to the interfacial binding surface (i-face) of PI-PLC but not to the active site. Isothermal calorimetry and fluorescence titration results for the binding of monodisperse DC7PC give an apparent dissociation constant of K2 = 0.2 mM with Hill coefficient of 2. The gel-permeation, spectroscopic, and probe partitioning behaviors of E# are distinct from those of the E* complex. The aggregation and partitioning behaviors suggest that the acyl chains in E# but not in E* remain exposed to the aqueous phase. The free (E) and complexed (E# and E*) forms of PI-PLC, each with distinct spectroscopic signatures, readily equilibrate with changing DC7PC concentration. The underlying equilibria are modeled and their significance for the states of the PI-PLC under monomer kinetic conditions is discussed to suggest that the Michaelis−Menten complex formed with monodisperse DC7PC is likely to be E#S or its aggregate rather than the classical monodisperse ES complex.
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