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- Brena, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast Molecular Dissociation of Water in Ice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : The American Physical Society. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 93, s. 148302-148305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using x-ray emission and photoemission spectroscopies to measure the occupied valence levels in a thin crystalline ice film, we resolve the ionization-induced dissociation of water in ice on a femtosecond time scale. Isotope substitution confirms proton transfer during the core-hole lifetime in spite of the nonresonant excitation. Through ab initio molecular dynamics on the core-ionized state, the dissociation and spectrum evolution are followed at femtosecond intervals. The theoretical simulations confirm the experimental analysis and allow for a detailed study of the dissociative reaction path.
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| 3. |
- Anand, K J S, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates : primary outcomes from the NEOPAIN randomised trial
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 363:9422, s. 1673-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Opioid analgesia is commonly used during neonatal intensive care. We undertook the Neurologic Outcomes and Pre-emptive Analgesia in Neonates (NEOPAIN) trial to investigate whether pre-emptive morphine analgesia decreases the rate of a composite primary outcome of neonatal death, severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), and periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) in preterm neonates.METHODS: Ventilated preterm neonates (n=898) from 16 centres were randomly assigned masked placebo (n=449) or morphine (n=449) infusions. After a loading dose (100 microg/kg), morphine infusions (23-26 weeks of gestation 10 microg kg(-1) h(-1); 27-29 weeks 20 microg kg(-1) h(-1); 30-32 weeks 30 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) were continued as long as clinically justified (maximum 14 days). Open-label morphine could be given on clinical judgment (placebo group 242/443 [54.6%], morphine group 202/446 [45.3%]). Analyses were by intention to treat.FINDINGS: Baseline variables were similar in the randomised groups. The placebo and morphine groups had similar rates of the composite outcome (105/408 [26%] vs 115/419 [27%]), neonatal death (47/449 [11%] vs 58/449 [13%]), severe IVH (46/429 [11%] vs 55/411 [13%]), and PVL (34/367 [9%] vs 27/367 [7%]). For neonates who were not given open-label morphine, rates of the composite outcome (53/225 [24%] vs 27/179 [15%], p=0.0338) and severe IVH (19/219 [9%] vs 6/189 [3%], p=0.0209) were higher in the morphine group than the placebo group. Placebo-group neonates receiving open-label morphine had worse rates of the composite outcome than those not receiving open-label morphine (78/228 [34%] vs 27/179 [15%], p<0.0001). Morphine-group neonates receiving open-label morphine were more likely to develop severe IVH (36/190 [19%] vs 19/219 [9%], p=0.0024).INTERPRETATION: Pre-emptive morphine infusions did not reduce the frequency of severe IVH, PVL, or death in ventilated preterm neonates, but intermittent boluses of open-label morphine were associated with an increased rate of the composite outcome. The morphine doses used in this study decrease clinical signs of pain but can cause significant adverse effects in ventilated preterm neonates.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Centre-Periphery, World Systems, and Medieval Archaeology
- 2002
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Ingår i: Centre-Region-Periphery- Medieval Europe 2002 Basel. Preprinted papers. Volume 1: Keynote-Lectures to the Conference. - 3930327082 ; , s. 23-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I have briefly outlined different levels of scale in the discussion of centre–periphery, from a local to a more global perspective. I have tried to show that the concepts of centre and periphery cannot be applied without qualification. Different realities are concealed behind them. The common factor is nevertheless that they signal some kind of contacts, in the form of giving and taking, of power, of stakeholders, of dependencies, and of communications. When employed in the right way, they give us a very useful analytical instrument, which says something important about the reality. What can the medieval archaeologist do in all this? This research field has primarily been a battlefield for historians, social scientists, and to some extent prehistoric archaeologists. With my example of urbanization I have tried to show that there is an area when medieval archaeological evidence plays an important role today. The urban archaeological material has created a much better foundation for further discussion of urbanization in many respects. It is possible, for example, to trace at least nearby contacts in the archaeological record, but we have also found material which came from far afield, and which has been studied too little. Swedish research shows clearly how our knowledge of easterly contacts has expanded in recent years, particularly as a result of studies of pottery, but also of other material. Contacts with Byzantium are becoming more visible This is not a new way for archaeologists to work. The important thing is that, proceeding from the potential that a centre–periphery perspective can give, we can formulate the questions somewhat differently and thus reach an understanding of how the contacts took place and the character they had, and how receivers and senders were affected by the contacts, and even the degree of mutual dependence between them. It is essential to study the foreign material in context through comparative studies of different forms of social structure: towns, villages, castles, etc. We must do this so that we do not just look at a single category; instead we should try to see common features in these different structures in society. This is a large task, too large for one individual, but appropriate for joint projects. A close-up study of, say, the form and function of urbanization in a number of areas, both inside and outside Europe, could give us a better basis for a discussion of centre–periphery relations at different levels and in different settings. But we must never forget the whole, and the inspiration for our own thinking that comparison entails. How can I sum up what I have been trying to say? – medieval archaeology must break out of its national boundaries and work across them much more; – important questions here concern dependencies, contacts, communications over areas of varying size; – centre–periphery analyses, used with consideration for nuances, can be a good tool; – we medieval archaeologists must also get involved in the really big discussions about these contacts and dependencies over long distances; in other words, we must relate to world system theories; – finally, we should contemplate a European project about, for example, urbanization covering large areas, including comparisons of driving forces, organization, composition, topography, and chronology, and focusing on questions of centre and periphery.
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| 5. |
- Belting, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of angiogenesis by tissue factor cytoplasmic domain signaling
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 10:5, s. 502-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemostasis initiates angiogenesis-dependent wound healing, and thrombosis is frequently associated with advanced cancer. Although activation of coagulation generates potent regulators of angiogenesis, little is known about how this pathway supports angiogenesis in vivo. Here we show that the tissue factor (TF)-VIIa protease complex, independent of triggering coagulation, can promote tumor and developmental angiogenesis through protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) signaling. In this context, the TF cytoplasmic domain negatively regulates PAR-2 signaling. Mice from which the TF cytoplasmic domain has been deleted (TFDeltaCT mice) show enhanced PAR-2-dependent angiogenesis, in synergy with platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). Ocular tissue from diabetic patients shows PAR-2 colocalization with phosphorylated TF specifically on neovasculature, suggesting that phosphorylation of the TF cytoplasmic domain releases its negative regulatory control of PAR-2 signaling in angiogenesis. Targeting the TF-VIIa signaling pathway may thus enhance the efficacy of angiostatic treatments for cancer and neovascular eye diseases.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Annika, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Pentapotassium sodium hexasulfatodicerate(III)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online. - 1600-5368. ; E59:11, s. i149-i150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- K5Na[Ce2(SO4)6] contains two CeIII ions, cross-linked via two oxygen and four sulfate bridges, a unique configuration for cerium sulfates. Each cerium is (8 + 2)-coordinated by O atoms of four sulfate groups by bidentate linkages.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Karin M, et al.
(författare)
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The first gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing contryphan - A selective L-type calcium ion channel blocker isolated from the venom of conus marmoreus
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 279:31, s. 32453-32463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contryphans constitute a group of conopeptides that are known to contain an unusual density of post-translational modifications including tryptophan bromination, amidation of the C-terminal residue, leucine, and tryptophan isomerization, and proline hydroxylation. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new member of this family, glacontryphan-M from the venom of Conus marmoreus. This is the first known example of a contryphan peptide carrying glutamyl residues that have been post-translationally carboxylated to {gamma}-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues. The amino acid sequence of glacontryphan-M was determined using automated Edman degradation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The amino acid sequence of the peptide is: Asn-Gla-Ser-Gla-Cys-Pro-D-Trp-His-Pro-Trp-Cys. As with most other contryphans, glacontryphan-M is amidated at the C terminus and maintains the five-residue intercysteine loop. The occurrence of a D-tryptophan residue was confirmed by chemical synthesis and HPLC elution profiles. Using fluorescence spectroscopy we demonstrated that the Gla-containing peptide binds calcium with a KD of 0.63 mM. Cloning of the full-length cDNA encoding glacontryphan-M revealed that the primary translation product carries an N-terminal signal/propeptide sequence that is homologous to earlier reported contryphan signal/propeptide sequences up to 10 amino acids preceding the toxin region. Electrophysiological experiments, carried out on mouse pancreatic B-cells, showed that glacontryphan-M blocks L-type voltage-gated calcium ion channel activity in a calcium-dependent manner. Glacontryphan-M is the first contryphan reported to modulate the activity of L-type calcium ion channels.
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