| 1. |
- Nordling Nilson, Linda, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-related cognitive deficits among floor layers with previous heavy exposure to solvents.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of environmental health. - 0003-9896. ; 58:4, s. 208-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors used tests of attention and memory, which are sensitive to the influence of aging, to explore possible adverse effects on cognitive functioning following past heavy exposure to solvent-based glues, with special reference to dose-effect relationships and interactions with the aging process. The study included 41 floor layers and 40 carpenters (referents) who participated in a longitudinal follow-up assessment. The authors assessed cognitive functioning with the following tests: trail-making, color words, and word recall. Higher cumulative exposure was associated with poorer test performance that was related to concept shifting, episodic memory, and speed of congruent and incongruent color naming. The magnitude of the decrements in memory tasks was equivalent to about 20 yr of age-related decline. Dose-effect relationships were seen mainly for contact adhesives, and there was partial evidence for an interaction between exposure and aging.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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On permeability of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate through protective gloves in dentistry.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 111:6, s. 529-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous glove use is more common in dentistry than in most other occupations, and the glove should offer protection against blood-borne infections, skin irritants and contact allergens. Methacrylate monomers are potent contact allergens, and it is known that these substances may penetrate the glove materials commonly used. The aim of this study was to assess the permeability of various types of gloves to methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with special reference to combinations with ethanol or acetone. The permeation rate and time lag breakthrough (lag-BT) for MMA (neat, or diluted to 30% in ethanol or acetone), HEMA (30% in water, ethanol, or acetone) and TEGDMA (30% in ethanol or acetone) were investigated for different protective gloves. Nine different types of gloves were tested for one or several of these methacrylates. The lag-BT for neat MMA was
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Hand-arm vibration syndrome in Swedish car mechanics.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711. ; 60:4, s. 287-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the occurrence of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) in Swedish car mechanics, and the relation between HAVS and duration of exposure.A total of 806 mechanics answered a questionnaire on vascular and neurological symptoms, and exposure to vibrations. Mechanics with symptoms, and some mechanics without symptoms, were invited to a clinical examination, including also a timed Allen test. Vascular and neurological symptoms were classified using the Stockholm Workshop scales. The mean daily exposure (mainly using nut-runners) was 14 minutes and the mean exposure duration, 12 years. Published data have shown vibration levels in nut-runners of about 3.5 m/s(2).In the questionnaire, 24% reported cold induced white finger (WF), 25% persistent numbness, and 13%, reduced grip force. The clinical examination showed a prevalence of vibration induced white finger (VWF) of about 15%, mainly in stage 2, and after 20 years, of 25%. A survival analysis showed similar results. We found that the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) model underestimates the risk of VWF. The incidence after 1975 was 19 cases per 1000 person-years. Slow refill times in the timed Allen test were common (15% had a refill time of >20 seconds), and associated with the presence of VWF. The clinical examination revealed neurological symptoms in the hands in about 25% of subjects, mainly at stage 2. After 20 years, the prevalence was 40%. The questionnaire items on WF and numbness both showed likelihood ratios of 13.HAVS is common among Swedish car mechanics in spite of short daily exposure times. This underlines the need for preventive measures.
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| 5. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948
(författare)
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Short daily exposure to hand-arm vibrations in Swedish car mechanics.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied occupational and environmental hygiene. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1047-322X .- 1521-0898. ; 18:1, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the daily exposure times to hand-arm vibrations in Swedish car mechanics, to test a method for estimating the exposure time without observing the workers for whole days, and to use the results for predicting the prevalence of vibration-induced white fingers (VWF) by the ISO 5349-model. Six garages were surveyed. In each garage, 5-10 car mechanics were observed in random order every 30 seconds throughout working days. The daily exposure time for each mechanic was estimated from the fraction of the observations that the mechanic was exposed. A total of 51 mechanics were observed, most of them on two different working days, yielding estimates for 95 days. The median effective exposure time was 10 minutes per day (95% confidence interval 5-15 minutes, arithmetic mean 14 minutes, maximum 80 minutes), and most of the exposure time was attributable to fastening and loosening nuts. The within-worker and between-worker variability was high (total sigma2 0.99, geometric standard deviation of 2.7). Using the observed exposure time and data on vibration levels of the main tools in Swedish car mechanics (average weighted acceleration level of 3.5 m/s2), the model in ISO-standard 5349 would predict that only three percent of the car mechanics will suffer from VWF after 20 years of exposure. In contrast, a recent survey of VWF showed the prevalence to be 25 percent. The precision of the observation method was estimated and was found to be good for the group daily mean. On the individual level the precision was only acceptable if the daily exposure time was > or = 40 minutes. In conclusion, the daily exposure time was short and the vibration level was limited. Nevertheless, hand-arm vibrations cause VWF in a significant number of car mechanics. The method of observing workers intermittently seemed to work well.
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| 6. |
- Johnsson, Cecilia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Hair mercury levels versus freshwater fish consumption in household members of Swedish angling societies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Environ Res. ; 96:3, s. 257-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hair mercury levels were determined in 143 individuals from households of members in angling societies in an area of Sweden with many lakes that have freshwater fish with relatively high mercury levels. Thus, the individuals had a potentially high intake of methyl mercury. The mean mercury concentration of pike and perch was approximately 0.7 microg/g. One-third of the subjects consumed these freshwater fish at least once a week. As could be expected, there was a clear increase in hair Hg with reported freshwater fish consumption (P < 0.001). The median mercury level in hair was 0.9 microg Hg/g for the whole group, and for those who reported consumption of freshwater fish at least once a week it was 1.8 microg/g. The highest hair mercury level was 18.5 microg/g, in a man who consumed pike and perch several times per week. Men had higher hair Hg than women, also when stratified for fish consumption. This was verified in 32 couples, of which the man and woman consumed the same fish and reported the same consumption. The median hair mercury level in these 32 couples was 1.3 microg/g for men and 0.8 microg/g for women (P = 0.002). About half of the subjects had hair mercury exceeding 1 microg/g, corresponding to the reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 microg of mercury per kilogram body weight set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although the RfD applies to all populations, the most at-risk group at these levels is pregnant women. There were only 2 women (of 12) of fertile age with hair mercury above 1 microg/g. In Sweden pregnant women are advised not to eat perch and pike at all during pregnancy. Since fish is rich in many important nutrients, it is unsatisfactory that fish consumption must be restricted, and thus there is a need to reduce mercury levels in fish.
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| 7. |
- Jälevik, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Etiologic factors influencing the prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836. ; 109:4, s. 230-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine possible etiological factors for a developmental enamel defect, i.e. demarcated opacities, affecting the permanent first molars. A questionnaire about possible etiological factors of enamel developmental defects was filled in by the parents of 8-yr-old children (n=516) prior to a dental examination of permanent teeth. Demarcated opacities of permanent first molars had been found in 18.4% of the children in a previous study of these children. Fifteen % had more than one tooth affected indicating systemic causation. Questions were asked about mother's health and medication during pregnancy, birth complications, health and medication of the child during the first 3 yr of life, breast-feeding, heredity, and fluoride supplements. The affected children, especially the boys, were reported to have had more health problems, in particular asthma (but only 4 cases), during the first year of life. Use of antibiotics was also more common among the affected children, but owing to a strong co-variance with health problems these factors could not be separated. Breast-feeding history was similar in children with and without enamel defects. The etiology of hypomineralized first molars is not yet fully understood, but based on the results of this retrospective study, health problems in infancy, especially respiratory diseases, seem to be involved.
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| 8. |
- Jälevik, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357. ; 59:5, s. 255-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The permanent teeth of 516 7- and 8-year-old Swedish children from a low-fluoride area were examined for developmental enamel defects. Special attention was paid to demarcated opacities in permanent first molars and permanent incisors (MIH). The examination was done in their schools, using a portable light, a mirror, and a probe. The modified DDE index of 1992 was used for recording the enamel defects, supplemented with a further classification into severe, moderate, and mild defects. Demarcated opacities in permanent first molars were present in 18.4% of the children. The mean number of hypomineralized teeth of the affected children was 3.2 (standard deviation, 1.8), of which 2.4 were first molars. Of the children 6.5% had severe defects, 5% had moderate defects, whereas 7% had only mildly hypomineralized teeth. In conclusion, hypomineralized first molars appeared to be common and require considerable treatment in the Swedish child population.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rödström, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Hg i hår och blod hos gravida kvinnor i Västsverige
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta projekt, finansierat genom Naturvårdsverkets miljöövervakningsprogram,undersökte vi kvicksilver i blod och hår hos 99 gravida kvinnor i Västsverige.Undersökningen gjordes bland kvinnor som 2001-2002 besöktebarnmorskemottagningarna i Landala, Göteborgs centrum och Lysekil i Bohuslän ochbortfallet var litet. Medianvärdena var för kvicksilver i blod i tidig graviditet (B-Hg)1.2 μg/L, för organiskt kvicksilver i blod (B-MeHg) 0.67 μg/L och för kvicksilver ihår i sen graviditet (Hår-Hg) 0.43 μg/g. Det fanns ett tydligt samband medfiskkonsumtion för både hår och blod. För oorganiskt kvicksilver i blod fanns det etttydligt samband med antal amalgamfyllningar. Det är önskvärt med hänsyn tillriskvärderingen att gravida kvinnor inte överskrider B-Hg = 5 μg/L, B-MeHg 4 μg/Leller hår-Hg 1 μg/g. Endast en kvinna hade högre Hg-halter i blod än dessa nivåer ochtre (4 %) hade hår-Hg över 1 μg/g.Nivåerna visar möjligen en svagt nedåtgående trend jämfört med tidigare studier vidsamma barnmorskemottagningar. Fortsatt hälsorelaterad miljöövervakning avgravidas kvicksilverexponering bedöms vara motiverad.
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