| 1. |
- Vedovato, Laura B., et al.
(författare)
-
Ancient fires enhance Amazon forest drought resistance
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-893X. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drought and fire reduce productivity and increase tree mortality in tropical forests. Fires also produce pyrogenic carbon (PyC), which persists in situ for centuries to millennia, and represents a legacy of past fires, potentially improving soil fertility and water holding capacity and selecting for the survival and recruitment of certain tree life-history (or successional) strategies. We investigated whether PyC is correlated with physicochemical soil properties, wood density, aboveground carbon (AGC) dynamics and forest resistance to severe drought. To achieve our aim, we used an Amazon-wide, long-term plot network, in forests without known recent fires, integrating site-specific measures of forest dynamics, soil properties and a unique soil PyC concentration database. We found that forests with higher concentrations of soil PyC had both higher soil fertility and lower wood density. Soil PyC was not associated with AGC dynamics in non-drought years. However, during extreme drought events (10% driest years), forests with higher concentrations of soil PyC experienced lower reductions in AGC gains (woody growth and recruitment), with this drought-immunizing effect increasing with drought severity. Forests with a legacy of ancient fires are therefore more likely to continue to grow and recruit under increased drought severity. Forests with high soil PyC concentrations (third quartile) had 3.8% greater AGC gains under mean drought, but 33.7% greater under the most extreme drought than forests with low soil PyC concentrations (first quartile), offsetting losses of up to 0.68 Mg C ha–1yr–1 of AGC under extreme drought events. This suggests that ancient fires have legacy effects on current forest dynamics, by altering soil fertility and favoring tree species capable of continued growth and recruitment during droughts. Therefore, mature forest that experienced fires centuries or millennia ago may have greater resistance to current short-term droughts.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bartholomew, David C., et al.
(författare)
-
Overcoming the challenges of incorporating rare and threatened flora into ecosystem restoration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Restoration Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1061-2971 .- 1526-100X. ; 31:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing strategies that enhance the incorporation of rare and threatened flora into ecosystem restoration is urgently needed to capitalize on the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. We outline six major challenges that impede the widespread use of rare and threatened flora in restoration: (1) a lack of information about threatened species; (2) a lack of propagation material; (3) low survival rates and regeneration potential; (4) a lack of coordination and collaboration; (5) a lack of financial incentives; and (6) a lack of policy incentives. We also outline several potential solutions to overcome each of them, including changes to funding, legislation, and markets, advancing use of modern technologies and knowledge, and development of new collaborations. All stakeholders have a role to play, including practitioners, academics, funders, and policymakers.
|
|
