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- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment: A comparison of three methods for impact analysis and evaluation
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 2:1, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the evaluation of data resulting from the inventory stage of a life cycle assessment, two sets of environmental indices based on Swedish data have been calculated according to the ‘ecological scarcity method’ and the ‘environmental theme method’. These are compared with indices from the method for ‘environmental priority strategies in product design’. The relative importance of CO2, SO2 and NOx in the three evaluation methods, expressed as index ratios CO2:SO2:NOx′ was calculated to be 1:200:250, 1:220:350 and 1:150:6100, respectively. Additional index comparisons are presented. Differences in the results from the three methods depend on effects considered, how the algorithms are constructed, and background data. The discussion focuses on similarities and differences in mathematical expressions and on the evaluation of certain substances.
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- Tillman, Anne-Marie, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Choice of system boundaries in life cycle assessment
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 2:1, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- System boundaries in life cycle assessments (LCA) must be specified in several dimensions: boundaries between the technological system and nature, delimitations of the geographical area and time horizon considered, boundaries between production and production of capital goods and boundaries between the life cycle of the product studied and related life cycles of other products. Principles for choice of system boundaries are discussed, especially concerning the last dimension. Three methods for defining the contents of the analysed system in this respect are described: process tree, technological whole system and socio-economic whole system. The methods are described in the application's multi-output processes and cascade recycling, and examples are discussed. It is concluded that system boundaries must be relevant in relation to the purpose of an LCA, that processes outside the process tree in many cases have more influence on the result than details within the process tree, and that the different methods need to be further compared in practice and evaluated with respect to both relevance, feasibility and uncertainty.
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