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- Bauducco, Serena, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' sleep trajectories over time : school stress as a potential risk factor for the development of chronic sleep problems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 64:Suppl. 1, s. S27-S27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Sleep is a complex behavior affected by biological, psychosocial and contextual factors typically present during adolescent development (Becker, Langberg, & Byars, 2015), including increasing autonomy from parents, increasing school demands, and socializing more with peers. However, these normative changes do not explain temporary vs chronic sleep disturbances. Who are the adolescents at risk for developing chronic sleep problems? Some risk factors have been identified as crucial, such as poor sleep hygiene and family stressors, others are not as clear, such as technology use (Bartel et al., 2015). The impact of another important stressor for youths other than family, the school context, has received less attention (Meldrum, 2018). The aim of this study was twofold; first, we explored sleep trajectories from early to mid-adolescence to be able to identify a risk group showing persistent sleep problems (including insomnia and short sleep duration); then, we investigated the role of school stressors (i.e., conflicts with teachers, performance, school-leisure conflict, attendance), controlling for well-established risk factors, in the development of chronic sleep problems in a large cohort of adolescents.Materials and methods: We used three longitudinal waves of questionnaire data collected annually from a sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 1457; Mage = 13.2 [range: 12- 15 years], SD = .43; 52.7% boys). We collected the data from all schools in three communities in central Sweden, during school hours. Using established measures, the students reported on their sleep duration (calculated from reported bedtime, wake-time, and sleep onset latency; SSHS [Wolfson & Carskadon, 1998]), insomnia symptoms (ISI; Morin, 1993), sleep hygiene (ASHS; LeBourgeois, Giannotti, Cortesi, Wolfson, & Harsh, 2005), technology use, and perceived stress (including school, home and peer related stress) (ASQ; Byrne, Davenport, & Mazanov, 2007).First we used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify adolescents' sleep trajectories, then we used regression analyses to predict the risk-group trajectory of chronic insomnia and short sleep duration, controlling for gender.Results: We found four trajectories for adolescents' insomnia; 1) low-stable (69%), 2) low-increasing (18%), 3) high-decreasing (8%), 4) high-increasing (5%; 'risk-group'). For sleep duration, we found two trajectories; 1) ∼8 h slightly decreasing (79%), 2) ∼7 h decreasing (21%; 'risk-group').School stressors including stress of fitting in with peers, stress of schoolwork leaving too little leisure time, a stressful home environment, poor sleep hygiene, and being female were risk factors for chronic insomnia symptoms. Conflicts with teachers, poor sleep hygiene, and being female were risk-factors for chronic insufficient sleep.Conclusions: Over and above well-known risk-factors for poor sleep, such as poor sleep hygiene, (Bartel et al., 2015), school-related stress was a significant predictor of persistent sleep problems in adolescents. Therefore, helping adolescents to handle school stress might be a promising strategy to improve sleep health in this population.
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- Bayram Özdemir, Sevgi, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' Engagement in Ethnic Harassment : Prejudiced Beliefs in Social Networks and Classroom Ethnic Diversity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 47:6, s. 1151-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on ethnic victimization to date has done little to identify the reasons why adolescents victimize their peers due to their ethnic background. To address this limitation, we examined: (1) the extent to which prejudiced attitudes within adolescents' close and larger social networks determine their engagement in ethnic harassment, and (2) the extent to which classroom ethnic diversity plays a role in any such link. Our sample included 902 Swedish adolescents (M age = 14.40, SD = .95; 50.3% girls). We found that Swedish adolescents who held negative attitudes toward immigrants or who were surrounded by prejudiced peers were more likely to be involved in ethnic harassment, particularly in classrooms with high ethnic diversity. Adolescents in classrooms with a high anti-immigrant climate were more likely to harass their immigrant peers. These findings suggest that prejudiced beliefs in youth social networks put young people at risk of engaging in ethnic harassment, particularly in ethnically diverse classrooms.
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- Bayram Özdemir, Sevgi, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Harassment and Immigrant Youth's Engagement in Violent Behaviors : Understanding the Risk Factors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Child Development. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 90:3, s. 808-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to examine whether ethnic harassment was related to violent behaviors among immigrant youth over time and to identify the risk factors. The sample comprised immigrant adolescents living in Sweden (N = 365; Mage = 13.93, SD = 0.80). Results showed that the more youth were ethnically harassed, the more they engaged in violent acts over time. A separated identity significantly moderated the effect of ethnic harassment on youth's engagement in violent behaviors. Specifically, ethnic harassment positively predicted engagement in violent behaviors only at high levels of separated identity. Impulsivity and school ethnic composition did not act as moderators. The findings suggest that preventing violent behaviors among immigrant youth requires a focus on promoting positive interethnic relationships, and multicultural identity among immigrant youth.
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- Bayram Özdemir, Sevgi, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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What makes youth harass their immigrant peers? : understanding the risk factors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Early Adolescence. - : Sage Publications. - 0272-4316 .- 1552-5449. ; 36:5, s. 601-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- mmigrant youth are at risk of experiencing harassment in school; however, we have only limited understanding of what makes youth harass their peers on ground of their ethnic origin. To address this major limitation, we examined (a) whether youth’s negative attitudes toward immigrants impact their engagement in ethnic harassment over time and (b) whether youth’s impulsivity, their tendencies to engage in risky behaviors, and a chaotic surrounding school environment moderate the link between their negative attitudes toward immigrants and their involvement in ethnic harassment. The sample included 583 Swedish youth (Xage = 13.93, SD = .71). Youth with negative attitudes toward immigrants ethnically were found to harass their immigrant peers when they had high levels of impulsivity and violent tendencies. Contrary to our expectation, youth perceptions of school atmosphere did not act as a moderator. The present study highlights the importance of identifying risk factors to reach a comprehensive understanding of ethnic harassment.
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