| 1. |
- Nordström, Katarina, 1988-
(författare)
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Trängsel i välfärdsstaten : Expertis, politik och rumslig planering i 1960- och 1970-talets Sverige
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is concerned with knowledge production and governance of land-use. Its main focus is the development of the National Land-use Plan (fysisk riksplanering) in Sweden between 1965 and 1979. The overall aim is to analyse and make visible different components of co-production between expertise and politics in the formulation of Swedish land use policy in the 1960s and the 1970s.The original purpose of the National Land-use Plan was to provide the government with tools to address recurring land-use conflicts. However, in the approximately fifteen years during which the plan was being developed its framing changed drastically. In the early stages of the project the plan was thought of as a tool for maximizing rational land-use. Since Sweden’s physical space was limited, it was thought to be crucial to attend to the interest of the whole nation and to protect valuable areas from short-sighted municipal or commercial interests. The plan was also intended as a way to centrally manage the anticipated increase in competition for land in a future congested Sweden. Fifteen years later it was instead framed as a tool that would ensure that different interests were represented when decisions on land-use were being made. It was also supposed to encourage and facilitate participatory planning and allow citizens and municipalities to exert greater influence over their local environment.The dissertation is an account of this shift and an analysis of its underlying causes. It shows that the changes happened as a result of a complex series of technocratic ideas and practices that were sometimes in conflict with one another. They were also profoundly shaped by contemporary political debates. The story of the land-use plan reflects the diffusion of new forms of international resource knowledge and changed values within the scientific community. But also shows these being played out in unique and distinctly national ways. Competing technocratic projects on regional development and powerful political arguments that had formed around regional self-determination were especially important for the co-production of the Swedish land-use policy.
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| 2. |
- Beckman, Jenny
(författare)
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“Sections of One Great Institution” : Prizes, Publications, and Transnational Communication at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in the Nineteenth Century
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuncius. - : Brill. - 0394-7394 .- 1825-3911. ; 34:2, s. 377-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper examines the prizes and publications of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as part of a transnational system of scientific communication. Nationally and internationally, prizes and publications served as currency in systems of recognition and benchmarking, and could be converted into international reputations as well as honours and positions in national systems of research, education, and administration. The institutional and linguistic conditions for this exchange changed significantly during the nineteenth century. For Swedish scientists, the symbolic translation of scientific capital depended on the literal translation of texts, from Swedish as well as into Swedish. I focus on two cases that highlight the complex and changing relations between prizes and publications in Swedish science, approaching them from the perspective of language and translation: the judgements delivered by the chemist Berzelius in his journal Annual Survey of Progress in the Sciences (1821–1848), and the Letterstedt Prizes of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1862–).
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| 3. |
- Beckman, Jenny
(författare)
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The publication strategies of Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848) : negotiating national and linguistic boundaries in chemistry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-3790 .- 1464-505X. ; 73:2, s. 195-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article follows the publication strategies of the Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848). It focuses on the role of language and translation in Berzelius' efforts to strengthen his own reputation, and that of Swedish science. As an author and editor, Berzelius encouraged the translation of his own works into several languages, while endeavouring to preserve the status of Swedish as a language of scientific publication in the face of French, and increasingly German and English, dominance. Reforming the Transactions of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and launching several new scientific periodicals, Berzelius also attempted to influence the publication practices in other countries. Recent scholarship on the history of scientific publication has drawn attention to the practical difficulties of determining and getting hold of the relevant publications in one's field, the 'malleability' of the journal medium, and the common practice of reprinting and summarising papers published elsewhere. Berzelius' publication strategies highlight translation - time-consuming, unreliable and problematic in terms of authorisation and ownership - as one aspect of the wider problem of communicating across national and linguistic boundaries. Berzelius' struggles with the practicalities of communicating across borders in times of war, the choice of language and its consequences, and national standards of publication, demonstrate the importance of a transnational perspective on the history of scientific publication.
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| 4. |
- Beckman, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Zircon growth during progressive recrystallization of Gabbro to Garnet Amphibolite, Eastern Segment, Sveconorwegian orogen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Petrology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-3530 .- 1460-2415. ; 58:1, s. 167-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interpretation of whether a dated metamorphic zircon generation grew during the prograde, peak or retrograde stage of a metamorphic cycle is critical to geological interpretation. This study documents a case at Herrestad, in the eastern part of the 1±0 Ga Sveconorwegian Province, involving progressive metamorphic recrystallization of gabbro to garnet amphibolite and associated behaviour of Zr-bearing minerals. In this case, textures show that baddeleyite is by far the main source of Zr for metamorphic zircon growth. The amount of metamorphic zircon formed was primarily controlled by the degree of metamorphic recrystallization, which in turn was controlled by deformation and the presence of a fluid as a transport medium. Zircon in the Herrestad rocks shows a range of morphologies and internal textures at different degrees of metamorphic recrystallization. Igneous zircon occurs together with baddeleyite in coarse-grained olivine-free facies of the gabbro. Metamorphic polycrystalline zircon rims on baddeleyite and minute (<5 μm) bead-like zircon grains at Fe-Ti oxide boundaries characterize the transition to coronitic metagabbro. With increasing metamorphic recrystallization, polycrystalline zircon rims grow at the expense of baddeleyite and the amount of minute bead-like zircon increases, forming strings of zircon beads with increasing distance from Fe-Ti oxide grains. The progressive breakdown of baddeleyite results in polycrystalline zircon aggregates that become denser and finally form single grains in completely recrystallized garnet amphibolite. Late magmatic zircon crystallized at 156765 Ma, whereas metamorphic zircon dates amphibolite-facies metamorphic recrystallization at 97067 Ma. The Herrestad case illustrates a general rule that the bulk Zr budget in originally baddeleyite-bearing rocks will rapidly become locked into metamorphic zircon during the first event of metamorphic recrystallization, when silica and Zr are released from the igneous minerals. Incomplete metamorphic recrystallization and partial preservation of baddeleyite, however, also allows later stages of zircon formation. Thus, in incompletely reacted rocks the final result may be highly complex with microscale zircon of several age generations.
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| 5. |
- Braekeveldt, Noémie, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-derived xenograft models reveal intratumor heterogeneity and temporal stability in neuroblastoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 78:20, s. 5958-5969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and the Avatar, a single PDX mirroring an individual patient, are emerging tools in preclinical cancer research. However, the consequences of intratumor heterogeneity for PDX modeling of biomarkers, target identification, and treatment decisions remain underexplored. In this study, we undertook serial passaging and comprehensive molecular analysis of neuroblastoma orthotopic PDXs, which revealed strong intrinsic genetic, transcriptional, and phenotypic stability for more than 2 years. The PDXs showed preserved neuroblastoma-associated gene signatures that correlated with poor clinical outcome in a large cohort of patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we captured spatial intratumor heterogeneity using ten PDXs from a single high-risk patient tumor. We observed diverse growth rates, transcriptional, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiles. PDX-derived transcriptional profiles were associated with diverse clinical characteristics in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. These data suggest that high-risk neuroblastoma contains elements of both temporal stability and spatial intratumor heterogeneity, the latter of which complicates clinical translation of personalized PDX-Avatar studies into preclinical cancer research.
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| 6. |
- Hellström, Petter, 1980-
(författare)
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Trees of Knowledge : Science and the Shape of Genealogy
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates early employments of family trees in the modern sciences, in order to historicise their iconic status and now established uses, notably in evolutionary biology and linguistics. Moving beyond disciplinary accounts to consider the wider cultural background, it examines how early uses within the sciences transformed family trees as a format of visual representation, as well as the meanings invested in them.Historical writing about trees in the modern sciences is heavily tilted towards evolutionary biology, especially the iconic diagrams associated with Darwinism. Trees of Knowledge shifts the focus to France in the wake of the Revolution, when family trees were first put to use in a number of disparate academic fields. Through three case studies drawn from across the disciplines, it investigates the simultaneous appearance of trees in natural history, language studies, and music theory. Augustin Augier’s tree of plant families, Félix Gallet’s family tree of dead and living languages, and Henri Montan Berton’s family tree of chords served diverse ends, yet all exploited the familiar shape of genealogy.While outlining how genealogical trees once constituted a more general resource in scholarly knowledge production—employed primarily as pedagogical tools—this study argues that family trees entered the modern sciences independently of the evolutionary theories they were later made to illustrate. The trees from post-revolutionary France occasionally charted development over time, yet more often they served to visualise organic hierarchy and perfect order. In bringing this neglected history to light, Trees of Knowledge provides not only a rich account of the rise of tree thinking in the modern sciences, but also a pragmatic methodology for approaching the dynamic interplay of metaphor, visual representation, and knowledge production in the history of science.
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| 7. |
- Pistone, Isabella, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidprevention genom utbildning och medvetandegöranden : En systematisk litteraturöversikt över förebyggande insatser utanför hälso- och sjukvården
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt är att 1) kartlägga utbildning och medvetandegörande insatser, utanför hälso- och sjukvården, som förebygger suicid, och 2) bedöma effekterna av dessa insatser. De mest utvärderade insatserna är utbildningar för s.k. mediatorer, även benämnda gatekeepers som oftast riktar sig till vuxna, och utbildningar i skolan som riktar sig direkt till barn och unga. Utbildningsinsatserna bygger i stort på att öka deltagarnas kunskaper och färdigheter för att antingen kunna agera som mediatorer och hjälpa andra personer som mår dåligt, eller kunna hjälpa sig själva till att förbättra den psykiska hälsan och förebygga suicid. Kartläggningen visar att många studier har en robust studiedesign såsom kontrollerade studier med eller utan randomisering. Studierna spretar dock metodologiskt (t.ex. olika utfall och uppföljningstider), vilket gör det svårt att sammanväga de uppmätta effekterna. De viktigaste resultaten visar att: • Utbildningsinsatser som är riktade till barn och unga kan minska antalet självrapporterade suicidförsök och suicidtankar. Utbildningar som riktas direkt till elever är troligtvis effektivare än utbildningar som är riktade till lärare och annan skolpersonal som ska agera som hjälpare/gatekeepers (s.k. mediatorsutbildningar). • Effekten av utbildningsinsatser kan bero på flera faktorer, bl.a. på deltagarnas personliga egenskaper, t.ex. utbildningsnivå. Gene rellt sett krävs det mer forskning på området, framförallt större studier med längre uppföljningstider för att avgöra insatsernas effekt bland vuxna. Litteraturen identifierades via strukturerade sökningar i vetenskapliga databaser, via handsökningar och via en genomgång av referenslistor. Två omfattande sökningar i databaser genomfördes. Den första var inriktad på insatser som har ett uttalat syfte att förebygga suicid. Den andra var en breddad sökning som även omfattade insatser som ska förebygga psykisk ohälsa. Av de totalt 24 548 unika publikationer som identifierades var 173 relevanta för denna litteraturöversikt. De utfall som undersöktes var kunskaper om och attityder till suicid, färdigheter i att ingripa och förekomsten av suicidtankar och suicidförsök. Sammanlagt 41 av publikationerna kunde användas för att sammanväga effekterna genom metaanalys och narrativ analys. Baserat på litteraturen i denna översikt går det inte att uttala sig om utbildningsinsatsers effekt på antalet fullbordade suicid. Dels är det svårt att koppla förändringar i suicidtal till en isolerad preventionsinsats, dels skulle sådana effektstudier kräva mycket stora studiepopulationer och långa uppföljningstider för att ge statistiskt robusta resultat eftersom suicid är en relativt ovanlig händelse. Enskilda utbildningar och medvetandegörande insatser bör därför ses som en del av ett bredare suicidpreventivt arbete som omfattar insatser inom flera samhällssektorer.
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| 8. |
- Sköld, Olle, FD, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Moving Forward with Digital Scientific Images : A Study of Infrastructure, Digitization Work, and Digital Research Practices
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries 4th Conference (DHN 2019), Copenhagen, Denmark, March 5-8, 2019.. - Copenhagen. ; , s. 415-425
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientific images are important and complex objects of study in the field of digital humanities for two principal reasons. Firstly, scientific images are key components in the making and communication of science in the present day and constitute central source materials in scholarly projects seeking to elucidate the historical practices of research and the development of scientific disciplines. Secondly, the archives, libraries, and museums (ALM) sector invest significant resources into the digitization and mediation of scientific images and it is a crucial success factor for both ALM institutions and future research initiatives that the premises and consequences of such efforts are thoroughly explored. This paper seeks to map which avenues of study and work that are crucial to pursue if available modes of curation, access, search, and analysis in digital collections of scientific images are to be meaningfully improved. The paper is based on a literature review and an overview of the current state of digitization work, digital collections, and digital infrastructures for storage and mediation at Uppsala University Libraries. Methodologically the paper makes use of action research and an adaptable, pragmatic, and ’exploratory’ approach to academic research. The study identifies five themes of study and work that, if competently pursued, promise to push the boundaries of what is known about scientific images forward in many areas of the digitization spectrum both in terms of best practices and theoretical understandings. The themes are: (1) method and infrastructure focus; (2) method focus; (3) digitization work focus; (4) epistemic and research-practice focus; (5) epistemic, methodological, and historiographical focus.
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