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- Beck, Astrid L, et al.
(författare)
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Cotinine concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the offspring : A prospective nested case-control study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 154:1, s. 71-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use defined according to cotinine concentrations of <, ≥15 ng/ml. Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). A strong statistically significant correlation was detected in 14 paired samples (Spearman rho: 0.85). Based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC in offspring (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51; 1.52). Similarly, based on amniotic fluid cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64; 1.95). However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. Our findings did not provide convincing evidence supporting that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy is associated with TGCC.
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- Bengtsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Foolishness without consequence? : From physical to virtual modeling in the history of military aircraft development at Saab
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 29:1, s. 163-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From Jim March we learned that organizational intelligence demands adaptation to the needs of a distant future as well as the efficient use of resources in the present. Commitment to new ideas that deviate from norm is necessary for long-term adaptation, but comes with great uncertainty as to if when or how success will come. This article uses a historical study of military aircraft manufacturer Saab to explore the transition from experimenting with physical models and dangerous test flights in the development of rather simple aircraft systems, to the development of complex integrated aircraft systems using virtual models that can be tested in a simulated world, thereby postponing choice and the need for commitment of resources in the physical world. We show how modeling techniques and tools were developed over five generations of aircraft to help developers represent and evaluate alternative ideas, in an increasingly realistic virtual reality, thereby reducing material and fatal consequences in aircraft development. We distinguish hybrid forms of evaluation and a transition that seems to be moving in the direction of “virtual online evaluation,” where empirically informed simulation models, based on real flight data reduces the fidelity gap between reality and representation. Drawing upon a selection of Jim March’s writings, we speculate what this transition implies for learning from experience and the possibility of foolishness without consequence.
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- Bengtsson, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Sverige i den globala ekonomin
- 2022. - 4
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Ingår i: Sverige i världen. - 9789151108537
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Borrero, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
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The female sex pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal mediates flight attraction and courtship in Drosophila melanogaster
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of insect physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1910 .- 1879-1611. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specific mate communication and recognition underlies reproduction and hence speciation. Our study provides new insights in Drosophila melanogaster premating olfactory communication. Mate communication evolves during adaptation to ecological niches and makes use of social signals and habitat cues. Female-produced, species-specific volatile pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al) and male pheromone (Z)-11-octadecenyl acetate (cVA) interact with food odour in a sex-specific manner. Furthermore, Z4-11Al, which mediates upwind flight attraction in both sexes, also elicits courtship in experienced males. Two isoforms of the olfactory receptor Or69a are co-expressed in the same olfactory sensory neurons. Z4-11Al is perceived via Or69aB, while the food odorant (R)-linalool is a main ligand for the other variant, Or69aA. However, only Z4-11Al mediates courtship in experienced males, not (R)-linalool. Behavioural discrimination is reflected by calcium imaging of the antennal lobe, showing distinct glomerular activation patterns by these two compounds. Male sex pheromone cVA is known to affect male and female courtship at close range, but does not elicit upwind flight attraction as a single compound, in contrast to Z4-11Al. A blend of the food odour vinegar and cVA attracted females, while a blend of vinegar and female pheromone Z4-11Al attracted males, instead. Sex-specific upwind flight attraction to blends of food volatiles and male and female pheromone, respectively, adds a new element to Drosophila olfactory premating communication and is an unambiguous paradigm for identifying the behaviourally active components, towards a more complete concept of food-pheromone odour objects.
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- Brooks, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Whose Interests and Knowledge are Recognized? An Empirical Study of Teachers’ Reflections on Integrating Digital Technologies in Teaching Activities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing the Learner and Teacher Experience. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031056567 - 9783031056574 ; , s. 176-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of digital technology in teaching activities has shown to be challenging for teachers. To approach this, the article investigated the foundation of teachers’ stance about developing their use of digital technology in teaching. The study draws on an action research approach, involving 35 teachers (K-2) in workshops and interaction-based facilitation. Based on content analysis, we identified how the teachers reasoned about their agency or lack of it, and children’s knowledge and experiences, as well as guardians’ viewpoints. The result is presented in four themes: Exchanging experiences across different school settings, Acknowledging accessibility to digital tools, Teachers’ considerations about children’s influence, and Teachers’ considerations about guardians’ influence. The study supports the theoretical framework of funds of knowledge; however, the teachers need to move from ‘talking the talk’ to ‘walking the walk’. They wish to give space for children’s experiences, but do not reveal any tools to do so. Hence, the children’s home domain is lacking in teachers’ discussions and their stance in including children’s interests is shadowed by their own needs. The analysis shows that the local context is a foundational support and constitutes a framework for the teachers to step by step becoming digitally competent and, hence, being able to a greater extent give space for children’s funds of knowledge – i.e. moving from talk to implementation. The study contributes to a local perspective to the debate on how to integrate digital technology in classrooms and how teachers can be empowered to gradually build digital agency. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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- Colliander Celik, Å, et al.
(författare)
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Därför krävs det stora satsningar på geografi och geovetenskap
- 2021
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Ingår i: Läraren. - 1101-2633.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som geografer, geovetare och geografilärare frågar vi oss varför kunskaper om vår livsmiljö, och de processer som styr den, är så styvmoderligt behandlade i skolan när vårt samhälle och stora delar av vår civilisation står inför många stora utmaningar, skriver 52 tunga företrädare.
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- Cronqvist, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Elizabeth L. Eisenstein (1979) : The Printing Press as an Agent of Change
- 2024
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Ingår i: Classics in Media Theory.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter focuses on a foundational text in the fields of media and communication history, book history, and print culture studies: Elizabeth L. Eisenstein’s comprehensive two-volume work, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, first published in 1979. Apart from outlining Eisenstein’s key perspectives, arguments, and findings, the chapter brings up the historical and scholarly context in which her book was written and the main reasons for its immediate and broad impact on the scholarly community in Europe and North America. The chapter also discusses the reception, the critique and controversies, and the lingering legacy and relevance of Eisenstein’s work along with some of its resonance in the digital age.
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| 10. |
- Eberhardson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Crohn's disease and the effect on surgery rates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 24:4, s. 470-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Surgery is an important therapeutic option for Crohn's disease. The need for first bowel surgery seems to have decreased with the introduction of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; adalimumab or infliximab). However, the impact of TNFi on the need for intestinal surgery in Crohn's disease patients irrespective of prior bowel resection is not known. The aim of this work is to compare the incidence of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients who remain on TNFi treatment versus those who discontinue it. Method: We performed a nationwide register-based observational cohort study in Sweden of all incident and prevalent cases of Crohn's disease who started first-line TNFi treatment between 2006 and 2017. Patients were categorized according to TNFi treatment retention less than or beyond 1 year. The study cohort was evaluated with regard to incidence of bowel surgery from 12 months after the first ever TNFi dispensation. Results: We identified 5003 Crohn's disease patients with TNFi exposure: 3748 surgery naïve and 1255 with bowel surgery prior to TNFi initiation. Of these patients, 7% (n = 353) were subjected to abdominal surgery during the first 12 months after the start of TNFi and were subsequently excluded from the main analysis. A majority (62%) continued TNFi for 12 months or more. Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a significantly higher surgery rate compared with patients who continued on TNFi for 12 months or more (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a higher risk of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients compared with those who continued TNFi for 12 months or more.
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