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| 2. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daily physical activity related to body fat in children aged 8-11 years
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 149:1, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the association between objectively measured daily Study design Cross-sectional, observational, study of 248 children aged 7.9 to 11.1 years. Abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 4 days. Results Total body fat expressed as a percentage of body mass was inversely related to minutes of vigorous physical activity per day, for all children r = -0.38 (P < .05). Children, both boys and girls, in the highest quartile of body fat performed on average 12 minutes less vigorous activity per day compared with their counterparts in the lowest quartile. Multiple regression analysis revealed that independent factors for body fat were number of minutes of vigorous activity per day and sex. Conclusion Low physical activity can be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. Only longitudinal studies, however, can give more definitive information about the relation between daily physical activity and obesity.
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| 3. |
- Mardi, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial Effect Boosts the Performance of All-Polymer Ionic Thermoelectric Supercapacitors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 9:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs) have recently been developed for converting low-grade waste heat into electricity. Until now, most reports of ITESCs have been focused on the development of electrolytes, which then have been combined with a specific electrode material. Here, it is demonstrated that the electrode is not only critical for electrical energy storage but also greatly affects the effective thermopower (S-eff) of an ITESC. It is shown that the same ion gel can generate a positive thermopower in an ITESC when using gold nanowire (AuNW) electrodes, while generating a negative thermopower when using poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. The achieved negative sign of the S-eff could be attributed to the Donnan exclusive effect from the polyanions in the PEDOT:PSS electrodes. After examining the thermovoltage, capacitance and charge retention performance of the two ITESCs, it is concluded that PEDOT:PSS is superior to AuNWs as electrodes. Moreover, a new strategy of constructing an ionic thermopile of multiple p- and n-type legs is achieved by series-connecting these legs with same electrolyte but different electrodes. Using interfacial effect at ionic gels/PEDOT:PSS electrode interface, an enhanced thermoelectric effect in ITESCs is obtained, which constitutes one more step towards efficient, low-cost, flexible, and printable ionic thermoelectric modules for energy harvesting.
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| 4. |
- Muhmond, Haji Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship Between the Trace Elements and Graphite Growth Morphologies in Cast Iron
- 2014
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 45:13, s. 6187-6199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The graphite morphology transition was studied using various techniques and additives in ultra-pure binary and ternary alloys with hypo- and hypereutectic compositions. Some of the trace elements were observed to stabilize the flake growth morphology of graphite, while others did not. The distance between the graphite basal planes of spheroidal, flake, and undercooled fine graphite was measured and the lattice fringes were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscope, after preparing a thin lamella of graphite using focused ion beam. Latent heat measurement was performed using differential scanning calorimeter on the pure binary alloy with and without sulfur and oxygen additions. The substitution of various elements under study in a monolayer of graphene was analyzed by considering the binding energies of the elements with C and their bonding nature. Simulations were performed using a molecule editor program and visualizer (Avogadro software), which considers various types of interatomic forces to optimize a monolayer of graphene to a minimum energy. The effect of the type of cyclic C-ring structure and energy of the basal plane of graphite with a connection to the addition of trace elements individually in the monolayer of graphene was studied and simulated to understand the resulting bulk graphite growth morphology.
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| 5. |
- Ndile, Menti, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of a postcrash first aid educational program on knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skills utilization among traffic police officers : a single-arm before-after intervention study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-227X. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An overwhelming proportion of road traffic deaths and injuries in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) occur in prehospital environments. Lay first responders such as police officers play an important role inproviding initial assistance to victims of road traffic injuries either alone or in collaboration with others. The presentstudy evaluated a postcrash first aid (PFA) educational program developed for police officers in Tanzania.Method: A 16-h PFA educational program was conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, for 135 police officers. Participantscompleted training surveys before, immediately and 6months after the training (before, N = 135; immediately after, N=135;after 6 months, N=102). The primary outcome measures were PFA knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skillsutilization. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse changes in outcome.Results: The mean PFA knowledge score increased from 44.73% before training (SD = 20.70) to 72.92% 6months aftertraining (SD = 18.12), p < .001, N = 102. The mean PFA perceived skills confidence score (measured on a 1–5 Likert scale)increased from 1.96 before training (SD = 0.74) to 3.78 6months after training (SD=0.70), p < .001, N = 102. Followingtraining, application of the recovery position skill (n = 42, 46%) and application of the bleeding control skill (n = 45, 49%) werereported by nearly half of the responding officers. Less than a quarter of officers reported applying head and neckimmobilization skills (n = 20, 22%) following training.Conclusion: A PFA educational program has shown to improve police officers’ knowledge and perceived skills confidenceon provision of first aid. However qualitative research need to be conducted to shed more light regarding reasons for lowutilization of trained first aid skills during follow-up.
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| 6. |
- Patthy, A, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropathology of the Brainstem to Mechanistically Understand and to Treat Alzheimer's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder as yet without effective therapy. Symptoms of this disorder typically reflect cortical malfunction with local neurohistopathology, which biased investigators to search for focal triggers and molecular mechanisms. Cortex, however, receives massive afferents from caudal brain structures, which do not only convey specific information but powerfully tune ensemble activity. Moreover, there is evidence that the start of AD is subcortical. The brainstem harbors monoamine systems, which establish a dense innervation in both allo- and neocortex. Monoaminergic synapses can co-release neuropeptides either by precisely terminating on cortical neurons or, when being “en passant”, can instigate local volume transmission. Especially due to its early damage, malfunction of the ascending monoaminergic system emerges as an early sign and possible trigger of AD. This review summarizes the involvement and cascaded impairment of brainstem monoaminergic neurons in AD and discusses cellular mechanisms that lead to their dysfunction. We highlight the significance and therapeutic challenges of transmitter co-release in ascending activating system, describe the role and changes of local connections and distant afferents of brainstem nuclei in AD, and summon the rapidly increasing diagnostic window during the last few years.
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| 8. |
- Strondl, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Processing on Microstructure and Physical Properties of Three Nickel-Based Superalloys with Different Hardening Mechanisms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Materials. - : Wiley. - 1527-2648 .- 1438-1656. ; 14:7, s. 427-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nickel-based superalloys Inconel alloy 600, Udimet alloy 720, and Inconel alloy 718 were produced by electron beam melting (EBM), casting, and directional solidification (DS). The distance between dendrites and the size of the precipitates indicated the difference in solidification rates between the three processes. In this study, the solidification rate was fastest with EBM, closely followed by casting, whereas it was much slower with DS. In the directional solidified materials the direction was the fastest and thus, preferred growth direction. The EBM samples show a sharp (001)[100] texture in the building direction and in the two scanning directions of the electron beam. Macrosegregation was observed in some cast and directionally solidified samples, but not in the EBM samples. The melting temperatures are in good agreement with literature and the narrow melting interval of IN600 compare to UD720 and IN718 might reduce the risk of incipient melting during EBM processing. Porosity was observed in the EBM samples and the reasons are discussed. However, EBM seems to be a feasible process route to produce nickel-based superalloys with well-defined texture, no macrosegregation and a rapidly solidified microstructure.
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