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| 2. |
- Berndt, Sonja, I, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct germline genetic susceptibility profiles identified for common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 36:12, s. 2835-2844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymphoma risk is elevated for relatives with common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes, suggesting shared genetic susceptibility across subtypes. To evaluate the extent of mutual heritability among NHL subtypes and discover novel loci shared among subtypes, we analyzed data from eight genome-wide association studies within the InterLymph Consortium, including 10,629 cases and 9505 controls. We utilized Association analysis based on SubSETs (ASSET) to discover loci for subsets of NHL subtypes and evaluated shared heritability across the genome using Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) and polygenic risk scores. We discovered 17 genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8) for subsets of NHL subtypes, including a novel locus at 10q23.33 (HHEX) (P = 3.27 × 10−9). Most subset associations were driven primarily by only one subtype. Genome-wide genetic correlations between pairs of subtypes varied broadly from 0.20 to 0.86, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in the extent of shared heritability among subtypes. Polygenic risk score analyses of established loci for different lymphoid malignancies identified strong associations with some NHL subtypes (P < 5 × 10−8), but weak or null associations with others. Although our analyses suggest partially shared heritability and biological pathways, they reveal substantial heterogeneity among NHL subtypes with each having its own distinct germline genetic architecture.
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| 3. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 4. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Hans E., et al.
(författare)
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Threshold-automated CT measurements of muscle size and radiological attenuation in multiple lower-extremity muscles of older individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : WILEY. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 40:3, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle atrophy and fat infiltration, two indicators of deconditioning and weakness in elderly frail patients, are typically assessed by means of manual image analysis from computed tomography (CT) scans. As this time-consuming image analysis limits its wider use in clinical studies, the use of tissue thresholds to semi-automatically assess muscle composition has been suggested. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between manual and semi-automated analysis of both cross-sectional area (CSA) and radiological attenuation (RA), in multiple muscles of the lower extremities in aged (77 +/- 6 years) sedentary individuals (n = 40). The participants underwent CT scans of their lower limbs, including hip, thigh and calf muscles. The subsequent analysis of CSA and RA was conducted using both manual segmentation and semi-automatic thresholds (-30 to +150 Hounsfield units). Automated measurements were generally strongly correlated with manually encircled CSA in all muscle groups (R = 0.79-0.99, p < .05) and shortened the analysis time by 70% (p < .05). In m. iliopsoas, however, the CSA became overestimated (15%, p < .05) with thresholded measurements, while the assessment of both CSA and RA was underestimated in muscles with high-fat content (i.e., the gluteal muscles) and in individuals with high-fat infiltration. In conclusion, using the semi-automated technique with conventional thresholds is a time-saving method that delivers accurate gross size of the muscle groups, particularly in the thigh. However, caution should be exercised when using semi-automated techniques for assessing CSA and fat infiltration in muscles with high-fat content.
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| 7. |
- Launonen, Antti P, et al.
(författare)
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Surgery with locking plate or hemiarthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment of 3-4-part proximal humerus fractures in older patients (NITEP) : An open-label randomized trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 20:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common fractures, especially in older female patients. These fractures are commonly treated surgically, but the consensus on the best treatment is still lacking.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The primary aim of this multicenter, randomized 3-arm superiority, open-label trial was to assess the results of nonoperative treatment and operative treatment either with locking plate (LP) or hemiarthroplasty (HA) of 3- and 4-part PHF with the primary outcome of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) at 2-year follow-up. Between February 2011 and December 2019, 160 patients 60 years and older with 3- and 4-part PHFs were randomly assigned in 1:1:1 fashion in block size of 10 to undergo nonoperative treatment (control) or operative intervention with LP or HA. In total, 54 patients were assigned to the nonoperative group, 52 to the LP group, and 54 to the HA group. Five patients assigned to the LP group were reassigned to the HA group perioperatively due to high comminution, and all of these patients had 4-part fractures. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there were 42 patients in the nonoperative group, 44 in the LP group, and 37 in the HA group. The outcome assessors were blinded to the study group. The mean DASH score at 2-year follow-up was 30.4 (standard error (SE) 3.25), 31.4 (SE 3.11), and 26.6 (SE 3.23) points for the nonoperative, LP, and HA groups, respectively. At 2 years, the between-group differences were 1.07 points (95% CI [-9.5,11.7]; p = 0.97) between nonoperative and LP, 3.78 points (95% CI [-7.0,14.6]; p = 0.69) between nonoperative and HA, and 4.84 points (95% CI [-5.7,15.4]; p = 0.53) between LP and HA. No significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes were seen in stratified age groups (60 to 70 years and 71 years and over). At 2 years, we found 30 complications (3/52, 5.8% in nonoperative; 22/49, 45% in LP; and 5/49, 10% in HA group, p = 0.0004) and 16 severe pain-related adverse events. There was a revision rate of 22% in the LP group. The limitation of the trial was that the recruitment period was longer than expected due to a high number of exclusions after the assessment of eligibility and a larger exclusion rate than anticipated toward the end of the trial. Therefore, the trial was ended prematurely.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no benefit was observed between operative treatment with LP or HA and nonoperative treatment in displaced 3- and 4-part PHFs in patients aged 60 years and older. Further, we observed a high rate of complications related to operative treatments.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01246167.
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| 8. |
- Mellner, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk for postoperative periprosthetic fracture in hip fracture patients with the Exeter stem than the anatomic SP2 Lubinus stem
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Springer. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941. ; 47, s. 803-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the cumulative incidence of postoperative periprosthetic fracture (PPF) in a cohort of femoral neck fracture (FNF) patients treated with two commonly used cemented stems: either a collarless, polished, tapered Exeter stem or the anatomic Lubinus SP2 stem.METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study of a consecutive series of patients, we included 2528 patients of age 60 years and above with an FNF who were treated with either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty using either a polished tapered Exeter stem or an anatomic Lubinus SP2 stem. The incidence of PPF was assessed at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively.RESULTS: The incidence of PPF was assessed at a median follow-up of 47 months postoperatively. Thirty nine patients (1.5%) sustained a PPF at a median of 27 months (range 0-96 months) postoperatively. Two of the operatively treated fractures were Vancouver A (5%), 7 were Vancouver B1 (18%), 10 were Vancouver B2 (26%), 7 were Vancouver B3 (18%), and 13 were Vancouver C (32%). The cumulative incidence of PPF was 2.3% in the Exeter group compared with 0.7% in the SP2 group (p < 0.001). The HR was 5.4 (95% CI 2.4-12.5, p < 0.001), using the SP2 group as the denominator.CONCLUSIONS: The Exeter stem was associated with a higher risk for PPF than the Lubinus SP2 stem. We suggest that the tapered Exeter stem should be used with caution in the treatment of FNF.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03326271).
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Maria
(författare)
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Biomechanical analyses of flywheel resistance exercise : From a space- and ground-based perspective
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Astronauts suffer degradation of postural muscles and weight-bearing bones during long-duration spaceflight. Resistance exercise is used as a primary countermeasure against these degradations. However, it has proven difficult to predict appropriate exercise loads, and the countermeasure regimens in current use are not fully preventing bone and muscle loss. It is likely that gravity-independent exercise devices, based on flywheel inertial resistance, will be implemented in future musculoskeletal countermeasure regimens.In this thesis, biomechanical analyses of external and internal exercise loads during flywheel leg resistance exercises, were performed through experimental data collection and musculoskeletal modelling. The thesis is based on four separate studies with the collective aim to provide knowledge that can be implemented when designing flywheel-based strength-training regimens to be used both in terrestrial settings and as countermeasures against musculoskeletal deconditioning in weightlessness.The first study analyzed computed joint kinematics and kinetics, and relative muscle forces in the lower limb during maximal effort flywheel leg press (FWLP) and flywheel squat (FWS) exercises. Results showed that total exercise load was slightly higher during FWS than FWLP, whereas relative muscle force did not differ between the two exercises, suggesting that they may have similar strength training effects.The second study investigated the effect of gravity on internal joint load distribution during leg resistance exercise. This was done in two steps: 1) by comparing joint kinetics during FWLP and FWS at a given submaximal exercise load (80% of the isometric maximum load in FWLP), and 2) by simulating both FWLP and FWS in zero gravity and studying changes in joint loads. The first step revealed greater hip extension moment and lumbar joint-contact forces in FWLP than in FWS, indicating a notable effect of the direction of motion relative to the gravity vector, on body load distribution. Step two showed similar, or lower, joint loads in FWLP when gravity was removed, whereas in FWS, removal of gravity resulted in increased hip extension moment and lumbar force. Collectively, the results suggest that FWLP is a better ground-based analogue than FWS for leg-resistance exercise in space.The third study examined the accuracy of a pressure insole system regarding measurements of centre of pressure and ground reaction force during resistance exercises. The results showed that insoles are capable of accurately measuring centre of pressure at loads higher than 250 N and that force measurements are accurate in exercises involving mainly vertical ground reaction forces, but appears to overestimate ground reaction force for exercises involving greater portions of shear force.The fourth study analyzed low-back loads during FWLP, FWS and barbell back squat. Lumbar compression forces were high and similar in the three exercises, suggesting that the flywheel exercises are capable of stimulating vertebral bone regeneration without inflicting risk of vertebral fractures. Muscle engagement in the investigated back extensors were lower in FWLP than in the other two exercises, although presumed high enough to counteract space-induced atrophy if implemented in countermeasure training regimens.
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| 10. |
- Sjöberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Joint and Muscle Biomechanics in Maximal Flywheel Squat and Leg Press
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9367. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to compare the musculoskeletal load distribution and muscle activity in two types of maximal flywheel leg-extension resistance exercises: horizontal leg press, during which the entire load is external, and squat, during which part of the load comprises the body weight. Nine healthy adult habitually strength-training individuals were investigated. Motion analysis and inverse dynamics-based musculoskeletal modelling were used to compute joint loads, muscle forces, and muscle activities. Total exercise load (resultant ground reaction force; rGRF) and the knee-extension net joint moment (NJM) were slightly and considerably greater, respectively, in squat than in leg press (p <= 0.04), whereas the hip-extension NJM was moderately greater in leg press than in squat (p = 0.03). Leg press was performed at 11 degrees deeper knee-flexion angle than squat (p = 0.01). Quadriceps muscle activity was similar in squat and leg press. Both exercise modalities showed slightly to moderately greater force in the vastii muscles during the eccentric than concentric phase of a repetition (p <= 0.05), indicating eccentric overload. That the quadriceps muscle activity was similar in squat and leg press, while rGRF and NJM about the knee were greater in squat than leg press, may, together with the finding of a propensity to perform leg press at deeper knee angle than squat, suggest that leg press is the preferable leg-extension resistance exercise, both from a training efficacy and injury risk perspective.
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