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- Allenström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Amplification of ship generated wake wash due to coastal effects
- 2003
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Ingår i: Transactions - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. - 0081-1661. ; 111, s. 61-77
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper discusses the results from extensive wake wash measurements carried out with a model of a ROPAX ship passing a bay. The tests were carried out in SSPA 's sea-keeping and maneuvering basin. This model had been subjected to wash wave measurements in open water in previous tests, which gave possibilities for comparisons between restricted and unrestricted waters'. Six wave gauges were placed inside and outside the bay, and a significant drawdown was noticed in addition to amplifications of the Kelvin waves. The drawdown and the Kelvin waves that occurred in the bay are difficult to explain, but this paper makes an attempt to analyze the phenomena that occur. The different wave theories that can be used in this case are presented The methods that are used for analyzing the measured signals are described One conclusion that can be made is that drawdown caused by the Bernoulli wave can probably be considered a worse problem than ordinary wash waves (Kelvin waves) in restricted and especially shallow waters when looking at large displacement ships.
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| 4. |
- Hugosson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based screening for prostate cancer by measuring free and total serum prostate-specific antigen in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 92, s. 39-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To report the initial results from Sweden of a large population-based randomized study of screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to detect prostate cancer, as the efficacy of such screening to decrease prostate cancer mortality has not yet been proven. Methods From the population registry men aged 50-66 years were randomized to screening (9973) and to future controls (9973). Men randomized to screening were invited to have their serum measured for free PSA (fPSA) and total PSA (tPSA) in serum using the Prostatus(R) f/tPSA assay (Perkin-Elmer, Turku, Finland). Men with a tPSA of <3.0 ng/mL were not further investigated, while those with a tPSA of &GE;3.0 ng/mL were investigated with a digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and sextant biopsies. Results Of those invited, 60% accepted PSA testing and 11.3% had a tPSA of &GE;3.0 ng/mL. Altogether 145 cancers were detected (positive predictive value, PPV, 24%); none were stage M1, two were stage N+ and 10 stage T3-4. Most (59%) cancers were impalpable and 39% were both impalpable and invisible on TRUS. At biopsy, 7% were Gleason score 2-4, 71% 5-6, 19% 7 and 2% Gleason score 8-10. A threshold tPSA of &GE;4.0 ng/mL would have detected 109 cancers in 366 biopsied men (PPV 30%) while cancer detection would have been 14% higher with a PPV of 36% using a threshold tPSA of &GE;3.0 ng/mL combined with a f/tPSA threshold of &LE;18%. Conclusion PSA screening detects early-stage low-grade prostate cancer. Both the sensitivity and specificity can be increased by incorporating f/tPSA with a tPSA threshold of <4 ng/mL.
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- Liljelind, I, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure assessment of monoterpenes and styrene : A comparison of air sampling and biomonitoring
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 60:8, s. 599-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Within- and between-worker variance components have seldom been reported for both environmental and biological data collected from the same persons. Aims: To estimate these variance components and their ratio for air contaminants and urinary metabolites in two different work environments and to predict the attenuation of exposure-response relationships based on these measures. Methods: Parallel measurements of air and urine were performed among workers exposed to monoterpenes in sawmills (urinary metabolite: verbenol) and styrene in reinforced plastics factories (urinary metabolite: mandelic acid). Results: Among the sawmill workers, variance components of the air and urinary verbenol results were similar, for the reinforced plastics workers the estimated between-worker variance component was greater for styrene in air than mandelic acid in urine. This suggests that attenuation bias would be about equal if air or biological monitoring were employed for monoterpene exposures, but would be greater if urinary mandelic acid were used instead of airborne styrene in an investigation of styrene exposure. Conclusions: Personal air samplers provide data with similar or superior quality to urinary metabolites as measures of exposure to these monoterpenes in sawmills and styrene in reinforced plastics factories.
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- Zackrisson, B, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of finding focal cancer (less than 3 mm) remains high on re-biopsy of patients with persistently increased prostate specific antigen but the clinical significance is questionable
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 171:4, s. 1500-1503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We evaluated the significance of focal prostate cancer found in sextant biopsies in men participating in a biennial prostate specific antigen (PSA) based screening program. Materials and Methods: In 1995, 10,000 men 50 to 65 years old were randomized to biennial screening with PSA testing. Sextant biopsies were recommended when total PSA was 3 ng/ml or greater at screening rounds 1 and 2, and 2.54 ng/ml or greater at subsequent screening rounds. Focal cancer was defined as total a core cancer length of less than 3 mm in the biopsy specimen. Low volume cancer was defined as a total tumor volume of less than 0.5 cm(3) in the radical retropubic prostatectomy specimen. Results: The number of men who underwent biopsy and the number of cancers detected in the 5 possible sets of biopsies were 1,725 and 402, 706 and 124, 307 and 36, 103 and 9, and 13 and 0, respectively. The risk of detecting focal cancer was 7.9%, 10.2%, 7.5%, 5.8% and 0%, respectively, but the relative ratio (focal-to-all cancers) increased 34%, 58%, 64%, 67% and, not applicable, respectively. In men with a total core cancer length of less than 10 mm there was no correlation between core cancer length and total tumor volume, as measured in the prostatectomy specimen. Two-thirds of men with a total core cancer length of less than 3 mm had a tumor volume of greater than 0.5 cm, while the risk of low volume cancer was less than 5% only in men with a total core cancer length of greater than 10 mm. Conclusions: In a repeat PSA based screening program sextant biopsies are of little or no value for predicting tumor volume.
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