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- Lee, Ki-ahm, et al.
(författare)
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Highly oscillating thin obstacles
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Mathematics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-8708 .- 1090-2082. ; 237, s. 286-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of this paper is on a thin obstacle problem where the obstacle is defined on the intersection between a hyper-plane Gamma in R-n and a periodic perforation T-epsilon of R-n, depending on a small parameters epsilon > 0. As epsilon -> 0, it is crucial to estimate the frequency of intersections and to determine this number locally. This is done using strong tools from uniform distribution. By employing classical estimates for the discrepancy of sequences of type {k alpha}(k=1)(infinity), alpha is an element of R, we are able to extract rather precise information about the set Gamma boolean AND T-epsilon. As epsilon -> 0, we determine the limit u of the solution u(epsilon) to the obstacle problem in the perforated domain, in terms of a limit equation it solves. We obtain the typical "strange term" behavior for the limit problem, but with a different constant taking into account the contribution of all different intersections, that we call the averaged capacity. Our result depends on the normal direction of the plane, but holds for a.e. normal on the unit sphere in R-n.
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- Watanabe, Takeshi, et al.
(författare)
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What is the nocebo effect and does it apply to dentistry? : A narrative review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 49:5, s. 586-591
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for the nocebo effect, a phenomenon characterised by suboptimal treatment efficacy, worsening of symptoms, or the occurrence of adverse events caused by an individual's negative treatment expectations, is growing across a multitude of medical fields. Within dentistry, little attention has been paid to patients' negative expectations, despite a number of studies supporting the influence of related factors, such as dental fear and anxiety, on the severity of peri- and post-operative dental pain. Only recently, a small number of commentaries and letters have emerged, urging dentists to recognise the possible existence of nocebo effects in dentistry and its implications for patient care. The present review summarises essential evidence of the nocebo phenomenon especially in relation to pain and drug administration. Subsequently, an overview of the current evidence of the nocebo phenomenon in the dental field is presented. Finally, based on the general knowledge of the nocebo effect, the review indicates fruitful arrays of research into the nocebo effect in dentistry.
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- Yang, Zhe, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless communications from high altitude platforms : Applications, deployment and development
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, an overview of the HAP concept development and HAP trails is introduced to show the worldwide interest and development in the emerging novel technology. A comparison of the HAP, terrestrial and satellite system characteristics is given. Main advantages of HAPs for wireless communication applications are large coverage area, high capacity and cost-effective deployment. Three applicable scenarios of HAP communication are shown.
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- Harner, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Air synthesis review : polycyclic aromatic compounds in the oil sands region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Reviews. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 1181-8700 .- 1208-6053. ; 26:4, s. 430-468
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This air synthesis review presents the current state of knowledge on the sources, fates, and effects for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and related chemicals released to air in the oil sands region (OSR) in Alberta, Canada. Through the implementation of the Joint Canada-Alberta Oil Sands Monitoring Program in 2012 a vast amount of new information on PACs has been acquired through directed monitoring and research projects and reported to the scientific community and public. This new knowledge addresses questions related to cumulative effects and informs the sustainable management of the oil sands resource while helping to identify gaps in understanding and priorities for future work. As a result of this air synthesis review on PACs, the following topics have been identified as new science priorities: (i) improving emissions reporting to better account for fugitive mining emissions of PACs that includes a broader range of PACs beyond the conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including, inter alia, alkylated-PAHs (alk-PAHs), dibenzothiophene (DBT), alk-DBTs, nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs including quinones and thia-and aza-arenes; (ii) improving information on the ambient concentrations, long-range transport, and atmospheric deposition of these broader classes of PACs and their release (with co-contaminants) from different types of mining activities; (iii) further optimizing electricity-free and cost-effective approaches for assessing PAC deposition (e.g., snow sampling, lichens, passive ambient sampling) spatially across the OSR and downwind regions; (iv) designing projects that integrate monitoring efforts with source attribution models and ecosystem health studies to improve understanding of sources, receptors, and effects; (v) further optimizing natural deposition archives (e.g., sediment, peat, tree rings) and advanced forensic techniques (e.g., isotope analysis, marker compounds) to provide better understanding of sources of PACs in the OSR over space and time; (vi) conducting process research to improve model capabilities for simulating atmospheric chemistry of PACs and assessing exposure to wildlife and humans; and (vii) developing tools and integrated strategies for assessing cumulative risk to wildlife and humans by accounting for the toxicity of the mixture of chemicals in air rather than on a single compound basis.
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- Witasp, Anna
(författare)
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Expression of inflammatory and insulin signaling genes in acute and chronic stress
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The acute surgical stress response induces a short-term inflammatory and insulin resistant condition, commonly producing hyperglycemia, which is strongly associated to morbidity and mortality in postsurgical patients. The chronic state of renal insufficiency, on the other hand, represents a long-term stress associated with alarmingly high mortality rates, primarily due to cardiovascular complications, and is similarly related to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The underlying mechanisms are however incompletely understood. A growing wealth of data emphasizes how mutual relationships between immunity and metabolism may contribute to disease, as well as the intrinsic properties of metabolically active organs, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Hence, in this translational study, we aimed to identify inflammatory and metabolic mediators being dysregulated and potentially contributing to homeostatic disturbances after surgery and in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In paper I, we evaluated the expression changes of 45 inflammatory and insulin signaling genes in skeletal muscle during major abdominal surgery of eight non-diabetic patients. In paper II, mRNA measurements of 21 genes were performed in 12 patients undergoing surgery on two separate adipose tissue depots: abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. Overall, although some tissue specific alterations were observed, striking similarities were noted between the tissues. For example, we observed significantly increased mRNA levels of inflammatory signaling genes (e.g. interleukin 6 (IL6), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)) in all tissues examined, but tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was only up-regulated in skeletal muscle. Insulin signaling pathway genes (e.g. insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4)), were only significantly affected in the adipose tissue depots. Paper III and IV focused on abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Gene expression levels were compared between CKD stage 5 patients and non-uremic controls to reveal uremic specific alterations. In accordance with surgical patients, adipose tissue from CKD patients showed a significant up-regulation of inflammatory pathway genes such as IL6 and SOCS3. Additionally, leptin and the oxidative stress-related genes uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide (CYBA) were found to be down-regulated in relation to controls. Interestingly, we found reduced mRNA levels of the bone-associated factor osteoprotegerin (OPG), with reported implications for inflammation, vascular diseases and mortality, in uremic adipose tissue as compared to control tissue, despite higher OPG serum protein concentrations in patients and no apparent immunohistochemical differences. These observations suggest that aberrant gene expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress genes, as well as genes implicated in the control of vascular calcification, may be important features of the uremic adipose tissue, which may have significant effects on the uremic phenotype. In summary, these studies contribute to our understanding of human gene expression alterations in association to clinical conditions producing acute and chronic stress, respectively, which may have implications for inflammatory and metabolic complications observed after surgery and in CKD. These results may also be relevant for other disorders in which pronounced inflammation and metabolic disturbances exacerbate the disease state, such as obesity and diabetes.
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