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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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From Higher Education Studies to Self-Employment - a matter of discipline and gender?
- 2011
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Ingår i: The European Conference on Educational Research (ECER).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The EU agenda strongly promotes entrepreneurship (Papatsiba, 2009). The responsibly for earning a livelihood has increasingly become individualised, and self-employment is strongly emphasised. Creating new businesses and services is seen as a way of keeping the unemployment levels low and thus an intact or even improved living standard in the European countries. There is a special confidence in that the university graduated should be in the frontline in creating these new employment possibilities and entrepreneurship education programmes is perceived as an effective tool to stimulate students in this direction. On the contrary, universities have since long educated students for positions in the service of the State. Moreover, a built out welfare state (Esping-Andersen, 1990), that assure a certain living standard for its population also in the case of unemployment at ill-health will further decrease the incentives for becoming self-employed (GEM, 2011). Our results show that the rhetoric about increasing need for entrepreneurs and for new businesses is not a neutral urge, the circumstances for men and women to become entrepreneurs are so different because of their different fields of knowledge. Moreover, higher education students are less incentive to become self-employed because of their, since long directed purpose, to become civil servants.
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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960
(författare)
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Gender equality policies and higher education careers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Education and Work. - 1363-9080. ; 24:1-2, s. 141-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender equality policies regulate the Swedish labour market, including higher education. This study analyses and discusses the career development of postgraduate students in the light of labour market influences. The principle of gender separation is used to understand these effects. Swedish register data encompassing information on 585 postgraduate students born in 1948, 1953 and 1967 were analysed. Since higher education and the labour market are horizontally gender-divided, career options are different for men and women. Men, both those who did and did not obtain a postgraduate degree, were more likely to work within the private sector, compared to women who were more likely to complete their degrees and more likely to work within the public sector. In other words, whilst women more often remain within higher education, men, probably due to their academic specialisation, are in greater demand on the regular labour market, meaning that studies, to a greater extent, can remain incomplete. Until the 1960s higher education was very selective, where participation by women and individuals with less well-educated family backgrounds was rare. After the expansion of higher education, both the student and faculty bodies have become increasingly diversified. However, new demarcations have emerged; between those who receive research funding and those who do not, and between those who work within higher education and those who leave for other, competing options outside.
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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Perspective on Student’s Choice of Higher Education Institution.
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus is on the role of HE students’ mobility to university colleges, if mobility contributes to the replication of gender and class structures in Sweden.Higher education has expanded by increasing the number of study places and by incorporating previous colleges, mainly located in provincial centres. The inclusion of such colleges within the ambit of an expanded higher education was meant to be a way of levelling out social class differences
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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered factors influencing school-to-work transitions for immigrants and Swedes
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 8th International Gender and Education Association Conference (GEA).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Extensive research on educational participation and on labour market adaptation of immigrants from different regions, as well as on gender differences, has shown that children of immigrants are disadvantaged, particularly those who are visible (coloured) immigrants. Concerning gender, men with foreign background seems to have greater difficulties both in the educational system and on the labour market compared to women. The difficulties for children of immigrants remain also when differences in social class is taken into account. Education is in some studies perceived as a neutralising discrimination. However, people with foreign background, who have got a Swedish higher education degree, still face considerable difficulties in obtaining a matching job. Having responsibility for minors negatively biases job seekers on the labour market, particularly women. How the merged effects of ethnicity, gender and parenthood interact on school-to-work transitions remains to be studied. This paper analyses how people with a Swedish education are able to, or allowed to participate on the labour market. The study is expected to describe labour market situation for young adults with particular focus on: 1) white immigrants and (visible) coloured immigrants in relation to native Swedes; 2) men and women; and 3) influence of parental responsibilities on job opportunities for both natives and those with foreign background. Several factors that have explained some of the group differences in other studies will be kept under control, thus making it possible to more accurately determine which groups in society that are most exposed to discrimination. Theoretically, we apply an intersectional perspective, focusing on how different factors/variables interact and contribute to the construction of a variety of ethnic and social hierarchies.
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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections on Current Research on Women’s Entrepreneurship – A Mixed Method Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: 3rd GMLG Conference on Entrepreneurship: Gender Perspectives on University Education and Entrepreneurship, Lueneburg, Germany, January 17-19.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we present a mixed method study about the prevalence of self-employment among tertiary educated people in relationship to gender research and entrepreneurship research. The point of departure is a large-scale study based on Swedish register data on tertiary educated men and women and their likelihood for starting a business, depending on their field of study. Results show that overall, a low proportion of tertiary-educated people become self-employed; moreover, when several influencing factors are the same, men are more than twice as likely as women to become self-employed. The most decisive factor for becoming self-employed is field of study, which is highly gendered. The question is how these results can be understood in relationship to international, contemporary gender and entrepreneurship research. All articles published during 2009-2012 in the International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship (IJGE) have been analysed and divided into three different perspectives on gender and entrepreneurship; moreover, these perspectives were used as lenses for developing an interpretation of the results from the large-scale study.
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