| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Avall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Apolipoprotein CIII links islet insulin resistance to beta-cell failure in diabetes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 112:20, s. E2611-E2619
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin resistance and beta-cell failure are the major defects in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these two defects remain unknown. Elevated levels of apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) are associated not only with insulin resistance but also with cardiovascular disorders and inflammation. We now demonstrate that local apoCIII production is connected to pancreatic islet insulin resistance and beta-cell failure. An increase in islet apoCIII causes promotion of a local inflammatory milieu, increased mitochondrial metabolism, deranged regulation of beta-cell cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) and apoptosis. Decreasing apoCIII in vivo results in improved glucose tolerance, and pancreatic apoCIII knockout islets transplanted into diabetic mice, with high systemic levels of the apolipoprotein, demonstrate a normal [Ca2+](i) response pattern and no hallmarks of inflammation. Hence, under conditions of islet insulin resistance, locally produced apoCIII is an important diabetogenic factor involved in impairment of beta-cell function and may thus constitute a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
|
|
| 3. |
- Edgren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Birgitta Odén
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 4. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1980-
(författare)
-
Fångna i begreppen? : Revolution, tid och politik i svensk socialistisk press 1917–1924
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the uses of the concept of revolution in Swedish socialist press from 1917 to 1924. Political revolution and civil wars shook several countries. The Russian February and October Revolutions were soon followed by uprisings in countries such as Germany and Finland.While the social and political history of this period, with its mass demonstrations for bread and voting rights, often called the Swedish revolution, has been covered extensively in existing research, we know much less about the theoretical understanding of revolution among Swedish socialists. This thesis examines the concept of revolution from a perspective inspired by the Begriffsgeschichte of German historian Reinhart Koselleck. This foundation in the history of concepts aims at understanding how Swedish socialists, in a wide sense, understood their own time, how they related to the past and what they expected from the future, during the years of the First World War and the immediately following years. By focusing on what might be the most central, but also the most contested and most difficult to define, concept I hope to complement earlier research focusing on the social and political history of the period and its socialist movements.The main purpose of the thesis is to analyse how the labour movement understood revolution with particular weight placed upon the theoretical and ideological tensions between revolution and reform, determinism and voluntarism and localized and universal revolution. The starting point is the political and social changes in Sweden and abroad at that time and the place of the political press as opinion leaders capable of negotiating the space of political action. A secondary aim is to discuss how focusing on temporality can inspire new perspectives on the use of conceptual history.My research shows that how the concept of revolution was used was shaped both by already established notions regarding the socialist revolution as well as by the political situation at hand. The October Revolution forced a sharpening of its meaning, wherein different factions elaborated their understanding of it in relation to each other, which in turn determined how the concept was used fom that point on.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ahlbeck, Lars, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Astma lathund : Astma hos barn
- 2019
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eftersom få läkemedelsstudier utförs på barn är många av dagens läkemedel som ges till barn ofullständigt dokumenterade vad gäller dosering, effekt och säkerhet. Barn får många läkemedel utanför godkänd produktresumé (off-label), som licensläkemedel eller som apoteksberett läkemedel. I brist på vetenskaplig dokumentation har barnläkarna tvingats att utveckla egna behandlingsrekommendationer som vilar på beprövad erfarenhet. Det gör att det kan föreligga skillnader mellan riktlinjer både på lokal och på nationell nivå. Vidare är diagnostiken svårare eftersom lungfunktionstester inte är möjligt på små- och förskolebarn. Våra rekommendationer vilar på referenserna sist i denna lathund.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ali, Yusuf, et al.
(författare)
-
The anterior chamber of the eye is a transplantation site that supports and enables visualisation of beta cell development in mice
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 59:5, s. 1007-1011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vivo imaging of the developing pancreas is challenging due to the inaccessibility of the tissue. To circumvent this, on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) we transplanted a mouse developing pancreatic bud into the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) to determine whether the eye is a useful transplant site to support pancreas development. We transplanted an E10.5 dorsal pancreatic bud into the ACE of a syngeneic recipient mouse. Using a mouse insulin promoter-green fluorescent protein (MIP-GFP) mouse as the tissue donor, we non-invasively imaged the pancreatic bud as it develops at single beta cell resolution across time. The transplanted pancreatic bud rapidly engrafts and vascularises when transplanted into the ACE. The pancreatic progenitor cells differentiate into exocrine and endocrine cells, including cells expressing insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. The morphology of the transplanted pancreatic bud resembles that of the native developing pancreas. Beta cells within the transplanted pancreatic bud respond to glucose in a manner similar to that of native fetal beta cells and superior to that of in vitro developed beta cells. Unlike in vitro grown pancreatic explants, pancreatic tissue developing in the ACE is vascularised, providing the developing pancreatic tissue with a milieu resembling the native situation. Altogether, we show that the ACE is able to support growth, differentiation and function of a developing pancreatic bud across time in vivo.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Esmolol on the Esophagogastric Junction : A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Study on 14 Healthy Volunteers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Anesthesia and Analgesia. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-2999 .- 1526-7598. ; 125:4, s. 1184-1190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Passive regurgitation may occur throughout the perioperative period, increasing the risk for pulmonary aspiration and postoperative pulmonary complications. Hypnotics and opioids, especially remifentanil, that are used during anesthesia have been shown to decrease the pressure in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), that otherwise acts as a barrier against passive regurgitation of gastric contents. Esmolol, usually used to counteract tachycardia and hypertension, has been shown to possess properties useful during general anesthesia. Like remifentanil, the beta-1-adrenoreceptor antagonist may be used to attenuate the stress reaction to tracheal intubation and to modify perioperative anesthetic requirements. It may also reduce the need for opioids in the postoperative period. Its action on the EGJ is however unknown. The aim of this trial was to compare the effects of esmolol and remifentanil on EGJ pressures in healthy volunteers, when administrated as single drugs.METHODS: Measurements of EGJ pressures were made in 14 healthy volunteers using high resolution solid-state manometry. Interventions were administered in a randomized sequence and consisted of esmolol that was given IV as a bolus dose of 1 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 10 mu g.kg(-1).minute(-1) over 15 minutes, and remifentanil with target-controlled infusion of 4 ng/mL over 15 minutes. Interventions were separated by a 20-minute washout period. Analyses of EGJ pressures were performed at baseline, and during drug administration at 2 (T2) and 15 minutes (T15). The primary outcome was the inspiratory EGJ augmentation, while the inspiratory and expiratory EGJ pressures were secondary outcomes.RESULTS: There was no effect on inspiratory EGJ augmentation when comparing remifentanil and esmolol (mean difference -4.0 mm Hg [-9.7 to 1.7]; P = .15). In contrast, remifentanil significantly decreased both inspiratory and expiratory pressures compared to esmolol (-12.2 [-18.6 to 5.7]; P = .003 and 8.0 [-13.3 to 2.8]; P = .006).CONCLUSIONS: Esmolol, compared with remifentanil, does not affect EGJ function. This may be an advantage regarding passive regurgitation and esmolol may thus have a role to play in anesthesia where maintenance of EGJ barrier function is of outmost importance.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-
(författare)
-
Perioperative complications in obese patients : A thesis on risk reducing strategies
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aspiration of gastric content and delayed or failed intubation are the leading causes of anesthesia-related mortality and morbidity. In the recovery period, airway obstruction with subsequent hypoxia is a relatively common cause of morbidity, and is highly associated to the amount of opioids administered, especially in obese patients.The overall aim of this thesis was to study these risk factors for airway complications and postoperative hypoxia in obese patients, and to evaluate possible strategies for their prevention.In Study I, intubation times and incidence of failed intubation in obese patients were compared between direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy with the Stortz® C-MAC™. In Studies II and III, the effect of esmolol vs. remifentanil on the esophageal junction, and the possible analgesic properties of low-dose esmolol vs. placebo were evaluated using high-resolution manometry and the cold pressor test, respectively. Finally, in Study IV, the possible opioid-sparing effect of esmolol after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery was evaluated.The use of videlaryngoscopy did not shorten intubation times, however appeared to reduce the incidence of failed intubation. Our results also show that esmolol has a favorable profile, compared to remifentanil, with regard to the protection against passive regurgitation and aspiration of gastric content. No analgesic effect of low-dose esmolol was however demonstrated. The intraoperative administration of esmolol instead of remifentanil also did not reduce the requirement of morphine for treatment of post-operative pain.The use of Stortz® C-MAC™ may be recommended for intubation of obese patients. Further studies are however required to clarify the possible role of esmolol in anesthesia.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-to-intubation in obese patients : A randomized study comparing direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy in experienced anaesthetists
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Minerva Anestesiologica. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0375-9393 .- 1827-1596. ; 83:9, s. 906-913
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Airway management may be difficult in obese patients. Moreover, during prolonged intubation, oxygen desaturation develops rapidly. Videolaryngoscopy improves the view of the larynx, and the Storz® C-MACTM has been shown to be superior to other videolaryngoscopes in terms of intubation time in obese patients. However, no effort has been made to compare the Storz® C-MACTM with direct laryngoscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate if the use of Storz® C-MACTM may reduce intubation time when compared to direct laryngoscopy (classic Macintosh® blade).METHODS: eighty patients with body mass index > 35kg/m2 were randomized to orotracheal intubation using either Macintosh® laryngoscope, or the Storz® C-MACTM with the standard Macintosh blade. Patients had no previous history of a difficult airway. Time- to-intubation (TTI) was defined as the time from the moment anaesthetist took the laryngoscope until end-tidal carbon dioxide was detected.RESULTS: no significant difference in TTI could be demonstrated between the two devices tested (mean difference -1.7s (95% CI -6.9 to 3.5s). All patients in the videolaryngoscopy group were successfully intubated with the allocated device, whereas five patients in the direct laryngoscopy group required an alternative device for successful intubation. No significant difference regarding the subjective difficulty of intubation and postoperative sore throat between groups was demonstrated.CONCLUSION: in obese patients the airway may be secured equally fast using direct laryngoscopy (Macintosh®) and with videolaryngoscopy using the Stortz® C-MACTM. The risk for failed intubation, however, appears to be greater with direct laryngoscopy, especially in male obese patients.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
