| 1. |
- Pålsgård, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Proton-induced and electron-induced X-ray microanalysis of insulin-secreting cells
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scanning Microscopy Suppl.. ; 8, s. 325-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elemental redistribution induced by insulin secretion, was investigated by electron and proton probe X-ray microanalysis. In particular, ion fluxes following immediately upon stimulation were studied. As the sensitivity of the electron probe was insufficient, the proton microprobe was employed. In order to see whether the cell is asymmetric with respect to Ca2+ influx, the cells were stimulated in the presence of Sr2+ (as a Ca2+ analog). Insulin-secreting cells (RINm5F cells and isolated mouse beta-cells) were cultured on grids and shock-frozen at 2-30 seconds after stimulation. In a large number of cells, the major elements and and large fluxes were analyzed by the electron microprobe. In the proton microprobe, selected cells were analyzed and elemental maps were compared with electron micrographs of the same cells. The proton microprobe, but not the electron microprobe, could detect an influx of Sr in response to K+-stimulation for 2 seconds, in RINm5F cells. No polarization of Sr2+ uptake in RINm5F-cells could be detected, and the beta-cells did not respond to high K+ by uptake of Sr. Momentary stimulation of beta-cells also resulted in a significant increase in Na, detected by the electron probe. Spreading of the beta-cells on the substrate appears to influence the subcellular elemental distribution. Thus, the proton probe has potential to detect small changes in elements such as those occurring after short-time stimulation.
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| 2. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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A 10-year follow-up of patients treated for dental fear.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of dental research. - 0029-845X. ; 98:1, s. 53-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different types of treatment have been used in trying to reduce dental anxiety in adult patients with severe fear and avoidance behavior. However, there is an obvious shortage in long-term treatment follow-up. The present investigation reports results over a period of 10 yr of 14 patients treated for dental fear in a specialized dental fear treatment and research clinic. The aims of this project were to evaluate patients' regularity in dental behavior between 1977 and 1987, changes in and present level of dental fear and other long-standing positive/negative effects of the respective initial treatments. The 14 dental phobic patients were assigned to two treatment groups, one receiving Systematic Desensitization and one Premedication with valium before dental treatment. Pre- and posttreatment status as well as the 10-yr follow-up were evaluated by psychometric (Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and a Mood Adjective Checklist) and physiological (Skin Conductance Response) measurements. A majority of patients (100% SD, 63% P) reported regular dental care during the period 1977-87. Positive side-effects were reported by seven patients. A significant reduction of dental fear (DAS) was found with a better effect for the SD-group. This was paralleled by a rise in mood (MACL). The SCR figures were non-significant. In conclusion, the results revealed long-standing effects with regard to a high degree of regular dental care and reduction of dental fear. In addition, positive side-effects were reported.
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| 3. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects on dental care behavior and dental health after treatments for dental fear.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Anesthesia progress. - 0003-3006 .- 1878-7177. ; 40:3, s. 72-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different treatments for dental fear were tested in a long-term perspective study. Twenty-nine patients with severe dental anxiety and avoidance behavior were assigned to Behavioral Therapy (BT, n = 12), PRemedication with bensodiazepine (PR, n = 8) or dental treatment under General Anesthesia (GA, n = 9). Ten years after initial treatment the patients were reexamined. Changes in dental anxiety and dental care attendance were reported. Patients' dental health status was assessed by radiographic survey. Regular dental attendance was reported by 19 patients (65.5%), with a significantly better result for the BT group (91.6%) compared to the GA group (33.3%). Reported level of dental anxiety, as measured by the Dental Anxiety Scale, revealed a significant reduction during the 10-yr period except among GA patients and those reporting irregular dental attendance behavior. A rise in mood as assessed by the Mood Adjective Checklist was revealed in the total group, with a better effect in the BT and PR groups as well as in patients who reported regular dental attendance. A substantial general improvement in oral health was seen during the 10-yr period, especially among patients receiving regular dental care. Thus, for a majority of patients in this study, directed treatment for dental anxiety and avoidance behavior made it possible to maintain regular dental care behavior during a 10-yr period.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dental anxiety in an adult population in a major urban area in Sweden.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 20:2, s. 97-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were to describe the level of dental anxiety in a representative sample of an adult population, to evaluate different demographic variables in relation to dental anxiety, and to compare two measurement scales of dental anxiety. A random sample of residents (n = 830) of the city of Gothenburg (population 432,000) was selected for a telephone survey. The survey comprised different questions concerning demographic variables, dental care habits, and the level of dental anxiety. The methods of measurement of dental anxiety were a 10-point dental Fear Scale (FS) and the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). A total of 620 interviews were completed giving a response rate of 74.7%. 41.4% of the respondents were males, 58.6% females. Females were significantly more likely to report a high dental anxiety compared with males. The prevalence of high dental anxiety in the sample as measured by the FS and DAS was 6.7% and 5.4% respectively. The correlation between the FS and DAS was 0.81. The distribution of high dental anxiety and age showed a clearly and significantly higher portion of dental anxiety in the age group 20-39 yr compared to both younger and older groups. The effect of dental anxiety on regularity of dental visits revealed a significant difference as measured by the FS. No significant correlation was found between dental anxiety and educational level or income. A majority of the respondents (82-95%) expressed a desire for establishment of a special dental fear treatment clinic without need for referral.
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| 6. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish dentists' perceptions of their patients.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 50:4, s. 245-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish dentists' perceptions of patient behavior problems, levels of stress experienced by the dentists in relation to such behavior, and general problem areas in their occupational situation were investigated by means of a self-administered questionnaire mailed to a sample of 485 Swedish dentists. The questionnaire assessed 16 different patient behavior problems and an additional number of other occupationally related problem areas. A total of 342 replies (71.4%) were analyzed. The relationship between the occurrence of behavior problems and the resulting level of stress was inversely proportional. This implies that Swedish dentists feel confident in dealing with behavior problems in their patients. Furthermore, this study shows that most dentists (93%) feel positive about their work and believe that their work is highly appreciated by their patients (96%) and colleagues (84%).
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| 7. |
- Hogenius, S, et al.
(författare)
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Demographical, odontological, and psychological variables in individuals referred for osseointegrated dental implants.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - 0301-5661. ; 20:4, s. 224-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edentulism and/or the wearing of a removable denture always requires adaptation, not only on a functional, but also on an emotional, level. Four hundred and seventy-three patients referred for treatment with osseointegrated implants due to problems with removable prostheses entered the study and 315 (66.6%) completed it. The average age was close to 60 yr, and the majority of patients were women. The average time of edentulousness was 14.3 yr. Twelve percent experienced profound negative effects from wearing dentures, this to an extent that it led to overt psychological and social effects. Subjective ratings revealed that functional and/or intra-personal effects were of higher significance than social consequences. The group was found to be more depressed than average as well as having an external health locus of control orientation.
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| 8. |
- Klingberg, Gunilla, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Dental fear in an urban Swedish child population: prevalence and concomitant factors.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Community dental health. - 0265-539X. ; 11:4, s. 208-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish normative data on the dental subscale of children's fear survey schedule (CFSS-DS), measuring child dental fear, and to study the influence of general fears, parental fears and socio-economic correlates on children's dental fear levels, a questionnaire was sent to parents of a representative sample of 4,505 children aged 4-6, and 9-11-years-old in Göteborg, Sweden. The questionnaire contained the CFSS-DS, a short form of the CFSS measuring general fears, Corah's dental anxiety scale (DAS) (measuring parents' dental fear) and specific questions on parents' employment and the native language in the family. A total of 3,204 responses was received. The overall mean score on CFSS-DS was 23.1, and 6.7 per cent of the children were found to be fearful. Dental fear decreased with increasing age and was positively correlated to general fears. Three variables: age, general fears and maternal dental fear, were found to have a significant impact on the variance of CFSS-DS.
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| 9. |
- Moore, R, et al.
(författare)
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Generalization of effects of dental fear treatment in a self-referred population of odontophobics.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry. - 0005-7916. ; 22:4, s. 243-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of dental fear treatment on general anxiety and mood in 60 dental phobics with high and low general anxiety were compared with "attention" effects in 75 dental phobics on a waiting list using the Dental Anxiety Scale, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a modified Fear Survey Schedule. Positive effects of the treatment were apparent in reduced dental and general fearfulness as well as elevated mood on numerous measures that paralleled dentist ratings of patient behavior. Ss had less fear of going to the next dentist after the program than before, according to a visual analogue measure. Ninety-three percent of Ss started dental treatment with private dentists within 1 year.
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| 10. |
- Moore, R, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and clinical usefulness of psychometric measures in a self-referred population of odontophobics.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - 0301-5661. ; 19:6, s. 347-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questionnaire responses of 155 self-referred subjects with extreme dental fear were used to evaluate the reliability and clinical usefulness of some psychometric tests used in diagnosis and treatment. The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a general Geer Fear Scale (GFS) were filled out by all subjects, while 80 patients with highest dental fear scores were also tested before and after dental fear treatment with the following scales; a Getz Dental Belief Survey (DBS), Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and a Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL). Cronbach's alpha measured internal consistency reliability. SPSS data analyses calculated item-remainder and test-retest correlations. Clinical usefulness of scales was judged by Spearman correlations of initial scores and test score changes after dental fear treatment. All total test scores showed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. DFS was judged the preferred clinical measure of threatening perceptions of pain or unpleasantness specific to dental procedures. DBS and STAI-State measured confidence in relating with the dentist and situational fear associated with that relationship. GFS, STAI-Trait, and MACL discriminated levels of general fearfulness, anxiety and mood fluctuations that can impact on dental fear.
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