| 1. |
- Pålsgård, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of K+-induced depolarization and purinergic receptor activation on elemental content in insulin-producing RINm5F-cells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cell Biology International. - : Wiley. - 1065-6995 .- 1095-8355. ; 19:1, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray microanalysis was used to detect elemental changes in the insulin-producing tumor cell-lineRINm5F. To improve discrimination between mobile ions and ions bound to macromolecules a new approach was employed, consisting of multivariate statistical analysis of correlations between the concentrations of Na, Mg, P, S, CI, K, and Ca. RINm5F cells, cultured an Formvar-coated titanium grids, were stimulated with high K+ or ATP, that are both known to stimulate insulin release. The buffers used contained Ca2+ or one of the Ca2+-analogues Sr2+ and Ba2+, to represent Ca2+ uptake inresponse to stimulation. After stimulation the cells were shock-frozen and freeze-dried overnight. Incubation for 10-20 seconds in a Ca2+-containing buffer did not significantly affect elementalcomposition, whereas cellular Mg, P and K decreased in a Sr2+-containing buffer. Depolarization with high K+ concentration caused an increase in the cellular Na content, both in Ca2+- and Sr2+-containing buffers, but not in the buffer where Ca2+ had been replaced by Ba2+. X-ray microanalysis is useful for detection of elemental changes subsequent to stimulation of cultured cells. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis strengthens the idea that stimulation of RINm5F cells causes redistribution of ions possibly due to changes in the state of binding of some elements to cellular proteins.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with direct conditioned and indirect cognitive reported origin of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 105:3, s. 213-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the reported conditioned or cognitive origin of dental phobia in 100 adult patients at a specialized dental phobia clinic. It was shown that a majority of patients reported a conditioned background to their dental fear. Patients' avoidance time and level of dental anxiety corresponded to previously reported data for fearful groups. Individuals with an arousal conditioning etiology of dental fear reported significantly longer avoidance time as compared to individuals with a cognitively learned reaction. With the exception of an elevated level of general fears, most psychometrically assessed emotional reactions were well within normal ranges. However, patients with a non-conditioned, cognitive etiology reported significantly higher levels of trait anxiety and fear of embarrassment. In addition, a separate analysis among women revealed a greater fear of physical injuries among patients with cognitive etiology.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with phobic dental anxiety.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:4, s. 217-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated a screening procedure for psychologic distress in adult patients with dental phobia before treatment of dental fear. The screening procedure was performed among 191 individuals in consecutive steps and included a medical/dental history, psychologic interviewing, and testing. Data collected during this process were analyzed and compared with SCL-90(R) data. The screening process was successful in selecting individuals without major psychologic distress problems. Among the excluded patients 91% had general symptoms scores on the SCL-90(R) exceeding a normative population mean, and 95% of included patients had a mean lower than an average for psychiatric outpatients. There were statistically significant differences between included and excluded patients on all subdimensions of the SCL-90. Thus, excluded patients had higher levels of psychologic distress, poorer psychosocial background, and more psychosomatic symptoms. This was accompanied by higher levels of negative attitudes toward dentists and their performance of dentistry, whereas no significant differences were found among the dental fear measures used.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Factor analysis and reduction of a Fear Survey Schedule among dental phobic patients.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 331-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fear survey instrument, based on the Fear Survey Schedule-II and five additional fear items, was administered to 109 patients (70 women and 39 men) on a waiting list at a specialized dental fear clinic. The fear survey was analyzed to identify its factorial structure. Five fear factors, explaining 54% of the total variance, were identified concerning areas of "illness and death", "failures and embarrassment", "social situations", "physical injuries", and "animals and natural phenomena". An ad hoc reduction of items was carried out to form a shorter, more practical to use questionnaire, which resulted in factors of four or five items with loadings greater than 0.50. The factors intercorrelated significantly (rp varying between 0.33 and 0.59) and "illness and death" correlated highly with "physical injuries" (rp = 0.59) and "animals and natural phenomena" (rp = 0.56), while "failures and embarrassment" correlated highly to "social situations" (rp = 0.54). Statistically significant, but generally lower correlations were found between each factor and the dental fear measures. The highest correlations were found between fear of "physical injuries" and dental fear. There was also a high and significant correlation between sex and fear of "animals and natural phenomena".
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathology in alcohol withdrawal: Relationship to alpha-2-adrenoceptor
- 1999
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 34, s. 750-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible relationship between postsynaptic α2-adrenoceptor function, as assessed by growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine (CLON; 1.5 or 2.0 μg/kg i.v.), and psychopathology was investigated in 30 patients with alcohol-dependence in the early withdrawal period. Excluding patients with high baseline GH, 23 of the 26 patients had blunted GH responses to CLON and 57% moderate or severe depression at day 1 after the end of alcohol intake. After 1 week, the GH responses to CLON remained blunted in 20 of 21 retested patients, whereas the depression and anxiety remitted in all but two patients. The results do not support any relationship between postsynaptic α2-adrenoceptor function and symptoms of psychopathology in alcohol withdrawal.
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| 8. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of fears in dental phobic patients according to a reduced FSS-II scale.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 339-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed and assessed dimensions of a questionnaire developed to measure general fears and phobias. A previous factor analysis among 109 dental phobics had revealed a five-factor structure with 22 items and an explained total variance of 54%. The present study analyzed the same material using a multivariate statistical procedure (LISREL) to reveal structural latent variables. The LISREL analysis, based on the correlation matrix, yielded a chi-square of 216.6 with 195 degrees of freedom (P = 0.138) and showed a model with seven latent variables. One was a general fear factor correlated to all 22 items. The other six factors concerned "Illness & Death" (5 items), "Failures & Embarrassment" (5 items), "Social situations" (5 items), "Physical injuries" (4 items), "Animals & Natural phenomena" (4 items). One item (opposite sex) was included in both "Failures & Embarrassment" and "Social situations". The last factor, "Social interaction", combined all the items in "Failures & Embarrassment" and "Social situations" (9 items). In conclusion, this multivariate statistical analysis (LISREL) revealed and confirmed a factor structure similar to our previous study, but added two important dimensions not shown with a traditional factor analysis. This reduced FSS-II version measures general fears and phobias and may be used on a routine clinical basis as well as in dental phobia research.
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| 9. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated measurements of mood during psychologic treatment of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:6, s. 378-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to analyze mood changes during psychologic treatment of dental fear by assessing the rate of improvement. Twenty-one patients who refused conventional dental treatment and reported extreme dental anxiety participated in the study. Levels of dental anxiety and mood were measured with the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL). MACL included two dimensions, degree of relaxation (r) and pleasantness (h) as experienced in a dental situation. Mood was monitored at each treatment session from base line to termination of the therapy (eight measurements). Two different treatment modalities were used, one with a more cognitive approach (n = 9) and one emphasizing the relaxation component (n = 12). A hierarchical linear models approach was applied to analyze individual change with repeated measurements. The results showed that positive mood changes over time were statistically significant. The mean improvement in mood scores per week and session was estimated for MACL(r) and MACL(h) to be 0.14/week and 0.09/week, respectively. The growth was not affected by DAS levels or treatment mode. This study also illustrated a powerful method for analyzing a longitudinal clinical trial design with repeated measurements.
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| 10. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Reported burning mouth symptoms among middle-aged and elderly women.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 105:6, s. 539-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this investigation were to assess the prevalence of burning mouth symptoms (BM) in a representative population of Swedish middle-aged and elderly women (n=1017) and its relation to general and oral health status. BM was reported by 4.6% (n=47), and 85% of the BM subjects had experienced BM for more than 6 months. A stepwise multiple logistic regression with BM/non-BM as dependent variable showed that 7 covariates were found to be predictive of BM. These variables were medication with antihypertensives, sedatives and female sex hormones. Moreover, headache, tinnitus, dry mouth, and reduced chewing ability were included in the final model.
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