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- Arnrup, K, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of dental behavior management problems among children.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Poster presentation at the 85th General Session & Exhibition of the IADR, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 21-24, 2007..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to further investigate the heterogeneity within the group of children referred for specialist treatment because of dental behavior management problems (DBMP). A specific aim was to evaluate the validity of a previously reported cluster structure in another DBMP study group. Methods: 177 child dental patients, aged 4 to 12 at referral to a specialist pediatric dental clinic in Göteborg, Sweden, were classified into subgroups according to their personal characteristics. Cluster structure was described and compared to previously reported findings in a DBMP study group of same-aged child dental patients in Örebro, Sweden (n=74). Parental assessments of children's dental and general fear, temperament and behavior were made pre-treatment. The children also performed a vocabulary test. Data were analyzed mainly with a person-based approach using sequences of cluster analyses. Results: Classification into five different subgroups was judged the best representation of the Göteborg study group data, while four groups had been defined in Örebro. The new clusters partly paralleled the previous and were labeled (I) Extrovert, outgoing, (II) Highly fearful, multiple problems, (III) Highly fearful, (IV) Moderately fearful, externalizing, impulsive and (V) Moderately fearful, inhibited. Cluster profile II describes severe dental fear and general temperamental and behavioral problems of internalizing as well as externalizing character. Such combined problems were not clearly revealed in the Örebro cluster structure. Conclusion: The contention that children with dental behavior management problems (DBMP) comprise a heterogeneous group was strengthened. Similar, although not identical, clusters of children showing DBMP were identified in this replication study. Apart from different levels of dental fear, varying temperamental and behavioral characteristics need to be taken into consideration to better match treatment for these patients
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| 5. |
- Balldin, Jan, 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Inverse relationship between central serotonergic neurotransmission and blood pressure in alcohol-dependent male subjects
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Neural Transmission. ; 113, s. 1511-1517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data has accumulated indicating an inverse relation between central serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission and blood pressure in hypertensive rats and in healthy individuals. The present study aimed to elucidate whether an inverse relation exists between systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure levels and central 5-HT neurotransmission also in a group of alcohol-dependent individuals. Central 5-HT neurotransmission was assessed by using the maximum prolactin (PRL) responses to the 5-HT probe DL-fenfluramine (DL-FEN; 60 mg po.) in 17 alcohol-dependent male subjects investigated during a period of on-going alcohol intake. BP was measured immediately before all time points for blood sampling, and readings before DL-FEN administration were used as the subjects resting BP. Results showed that there were inverse correlations between the maximum PRL responses to DL-FEN and the SBP levels (r = -0.57, p < 0.002) and with the DBP levels (r = -0.52, p < 0.05), respectively. The present study suggests the existence of an association between central 5-HT neurotransmission and blood pressure regulation also in alcohol-dependent individuals.
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Different effects of smoking or use of smokeless tobacco on platelet MAO-B activity in type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 42:3, s. 267-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B activity has been proposed as a marker for alcohol-dependence. Findings are, however, contradictory and the influence of confounding factors have been thoroughly investigated. Thus, it is now well established that cigarette smoking reduces platelet MAO-activity. However, not much is known about the influence of smokeless tobacco, i.e. snuff or chewing tobacco, on platelet MAO-B activity. The aim of the present study was to compare platelet MAO-B activity in type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects with concomitant use of smokeless tobacco (i.e. snuff users), use of smoking tobacco (i.e. cigarette smokers), and in those without any tobacco use. METHODS: Platelet MAO-B activity was examined in three groups of alcohol-dependent subjects: snuff users (n = 14), cigarette smokers (n = 33), and non-tobacco users (N = 46). RESULTS: In the alcohol-dependent subjects concomitant cigarette smokers, but not snuff users, were found to have significantly lower platelet MAO-B activity as compared to non-tobacco users (platelet MAO-B activity 4.0 +/- 1.5, 5.1 +/- 1.5 and 5.0 +/- 1.9 microkat/kg protein, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The findings in the present study suggests that in the alcohol-dependent subjects the concomitant use of smokeless tobacco, i.e. snuffing, does not have an inhibitory effect on platelet MAO-B activity. This may have implications for future research. Thus, alcohol-dependent subjects with concomitant tobacco use should be grouped separately according to the form of the tobacco used, i.e. smoking or smokeless tobacco.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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The taqI DRD2 A1 allele is associated with alcohol-dependence although its effect size is small
- 2006
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Ingår i: Alcohol. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414. ; 41:5, s. 479-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Numerous studies of the relationship between the TaqIA DRD2 A1 allele and alcohol-dependence have been performed and many of these have shown an association whereas others have not (Noble, 2003). This has consequently generated some controversy as to whether such an association actually exists (Noble, 2003). In the two recent meta-analyses by Noble (2003) and Young et al. (2004) some very important methodological issues have been discussed, which need to be addressed in forthcoming studies. Thus, the sample size is of great importance. In case-control studies it has been estimated that to detect the role of genes with small effect size of approximately 2, which is in the range of the DRD2 A1 allele-alcoholism relationship, case-control sets of 300-400 subjects are necessary (Noble, 2003). METHODS: In the present study, we have consequently recruited a large number of subjects, 375 alcohol-dependent individuals, who were treated as inpatients for alcohol withdrawal symptoms and out of these 357 could be evaluated. As controls, 578 individuals screened and 254 individuals unscreened for alcohol consumption were used. Thus, the total number of subjects was 1217. RESULTS: In the present study, in which the TaqI A1/A2 DRD2 polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the patient group and the two control groups, we found that the TaqI DRD2 A1/A2 genotype frequency differed significantly between the alcohol-dependent group and both the total and screened control groups. Furthermore, the TaqI DRD2 A1 allele frequency was significantly overrepresented in the alcohol-dependent subjects as compared with both the total and screened control groups. The odds ratio for alcohol-dependency being associated with the A1 allele was 1.34. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, the findings in this study lend further support to the notion of an association between the DRD2 A1 allele and alcohol-dependence, although the effect size of the DRD2 A1 allele is small.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombocytopenia in early alcohol withdrawal is associated with development of delirium tremens or seizures.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 44:4, s. 382-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: In several studies, possible risk factors/predictors for severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), i.e. delirium tremens (DT) and/or seizures, have been investigated. We have recently observed that low blood platelet count could be such a risk factor/predictor. We therefore investigated whether such an association could be found using a large number of alcohol-dependent individuals (n = 334). METHODS: This study is a retrospectively conducted cohort study based on data from female and male patients (>20 years of age), consecutively admitted to an alcohol treatment unit. The individuals had to fulfil the discharge diagnoses alcohol dependence and alcohol withdrawal syndrome according to DSM-IV. RESULTS: During the treatment period, 3% of the patients developed DT, 2% seizures and none had co-occurrence of both conditions. Among those with DT, a higher proportion had thrombocytopenia. Those with seizures had lower blood platelet count and a higher proportion of them had thrombocytopenia. The sensitivity and specificity of thrombocytopenia for the development of DT during the treatment period was 70% and 69%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 6% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99%. For the development of seizures, the figure for sensitivity was 75% and for specificity 69%. The figures for PPV and NPV were similar as those for the development of DT. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombocytopenia is more frequent in patients who develop severe AWS (DT or seizures). The findings, including the high NPV of thrombocytopenia, must be interpreted with caution due to the small number of patients who developed AWS. Further studies replicating the present finding are therefore needed before the clinical usefulness can be considered.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco use is associated with more severe alcohol dependence, as assessed by the number of DSM-IV criteria, in Swedish male type 1 alcoholics.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 42:3, s. 247-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A high smoking prevalence has been reported in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals. It has also been suggested that alcohol-dependent individuals who smoke may have a more severe course and greater severity of their alcoholism. METHODS: This study evaluated the impact of tobacco use in 108 Swedish male type 1 alcohol-dependent individuals, recruited by advertisement in a local daily newspaper. They were sub-grouped into smokers (N = 50), snuffers (N = 12) and tobacco nonusers (N = 46). The number of criteria for the diagnosis of alcohol dependence was used to assess the severity of alcohol dependence. RESULTS: The smokers were significantly younger compared to the tobacco non-using group, and also younger at their onset of excessive alcohol consumption. Both smokers and snuffers fulfilled significantly more DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence than tobacco nonusers. Furthermore, significantly higher proportions of smokers and snuffers fulfilled the criteria no 2 (experiencing withdrawal syndrome) and no 7 (continuing to use alcohol despite problems). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that not only smoking, but also snuffing, is associated with greater severity of alcohol dependence, as reflected by the greater number of DSM-IV criteria.
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