| 1. |
- Balldin, Jan, 1935, et al.
(author)
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TAQ1A1 Allele of the DRD2 Gene Region Contribute to Shorter Survival Time in Alcohol Dependent Individuals When Controlling for the Influence of Age and Gender. A Follow-up Study of 18 Years.
- 2018
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In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 53:3, s. 216-220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the influence of the A1 allele of the TAQ1A polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene region on mortality in adult individuals with alcohol dependence.The study sample consisted of 359 alcohol-dependent individuals treated for severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms in 1997. Years of survival was studied in an 18-year follow-up. In the analyses, gender and age were controlled for.At the 18-year follow-up, 53% individuals had deceased. The analyses showed that older age (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.05) and carrying the A1 allele (P < 0.01) all significantly and independently contributed to shorten years of survival. Among the deceased individuals, the genotype A1+ was the only significant contributor to shorten years of survival.An important contribution of the present study is that in alcohol dependence the Taq1A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region is a risk factor for premature death of similar importance as the well-known risk factors of age and gender.We investigated the influence of A1 allele of the TAQ1A polymorphism in DRD2 receptor gene region on mortality in alcohol-dependent individuals in an 18-year follow-up. Age, gender and the A1 allele contributed to shorten years of survival. Among the deceased, the A1+ was the only contributor to shorten years of survival.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Is There a Need for Congruent Treatment Goals Between Alcohol-Dependent Patients and Caregivers?
- 2016
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In: Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008. ; 40:4, s. 874-879
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundAlcohol-dependent patients have different treatment goals when entering treatment. Furthermore, different treatment settings advocate different treatment goals. Earlier studies have pointed out that treatment goal is important for treatment outcome, both in the treatment setting as well as in the patients themselves. However, to our knowledge, no study has so far investigated the interaction between patient's goal and the goal of the treatment setting. The aim of the study was therefore to study the interaction between these 2 factors on treatment outcome. MethodsPatients' (n=201) goals from 2 treatment settingsone that had an abstinence-oriented goal and one with a low-risk drinking goalwere investigated. The patients were followed up 2.5years after treatment entry and effectiveness of congruent treatment goals on treatment outcome was investigated. ResultsThere was no significant association between congruent goals and treatment outcomes (p=0.060). However, when comparing the effectiveness of congruent treatment goal between the 2 treatment settings, the abstinence-oriented treatment setting was significantly more effective (p<0.01). ConclusionsThe major finding was that there appeared to be no association between congruence itself and treatment outcome. On the other hand, we found that the treatment outcome was more successful if the patient as well as the treatment setting had abstinence as a goal (i.e., congruent goals of abstinence).
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Outcome in Relation to Drinking Goals in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals: A Follow-up Study 2.5 and 5 Years After Treatment Entry.
- 2019
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In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 54:4, s. 439-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the long-term treatment outcome (up to 5 years) with respect to different drinking goals of patients.Alcohol-dependent individuals (n = 349) were recruited from three alcohol treatment units. They were interviewed using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). They were sub-grouped according to their goal at treatment entry: abstinence, low- risk drinking and no decided goal.Patients with abstinence as a goal at treatment entry reported at 2.5 years follow-up a higher abstinence rate, a more pronounced reduction in alcohol consumption, reduction in total number of DSM-IV criteria, higher frequency of low-risk drinking and fewer diagnoses of alcohol dependence compared to the groups who had low risk drinking as a goal or no decided goal. This improvement remained basically unchanged in all three groups at 5 years follow-up, suggesting long-term stability after the treatment interventions.The findings suggest that: (1) alcohol-dependent patients who have abstinence as their own drinking goal have a more favorable treatment outcome than those who have low-risk drinking as a goal or no decided goal. (2) Abstinence as a drinking goal should be considered for those who have a longer duration (for example more than 10 years) of their alcohol-related problems. (3) Patients who have no decided goal should be recommended abstinence as a drinking goal.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(author)
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The Taq1a polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene - a key for understanding relapse proneness into alcoholism?
- 2016
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In: Journal of Substance Abuse and Alcoholism. - 2373-9363. ; 4:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are among the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide. Once an AUD is established, risk for relapsing within a year after treatment is very high. Repeated relapses further increase the risk of psychiatric and somatic co- morbidity, and alarmingly also for premature death (5-8 times higher compared to the general population). Oddly enough, there is still lacking knowledge of which individual traits that may predispose for elevated risk of repeated relapses. One such trait could be the Taq1A polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and that individuals who are carriers of the so called A1 allele have fewer DRD2 and thus a genetically determined hypo-dopaminergic brain function. Knowledge of traits related to relapse proneness will improve the ability to provide tailor-made relapse prevention programs and thereby increase the effect-size of the treatment, and reduce psychological suffering, medical and psychiatric complications as well as premature death.
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| 8. |
- Rauwolf, K. K., et al.
(author)
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The Influence of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on the Progression, Severity and Treatment Outcome in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals
- 2017
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In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 52:4, s. 477-482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of tobacco use in alcohol-dependent individuals is not well understood, especially the role of snuffing, which is common in Northern Europe. The aim was therefore to investigate the influence of smoking and snuffing on the progression, severity and treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent individuals. The hypotheses were that concomitant tobacco use (i.e. smoking or snuffing) would enhance the progression and severity of alcohol dependence and be less beneficial for treatment outcome, relative to tobacco non-users. Alcohol-dependent individuals (n = 347) were recruited from three treatment units specialized in alcohol use disorders. Participants were interviewed about their current and past alcohol and tobacco use at treatment entry and at a follow-up interview 2.5 years thereafter. The tobacco users (smokers and snuffers) had an earlier alcohol debut compared to the tobacco never-users. Snuffers reported regular alcohol consumption and inebriation at an earlier age in contrast to smokers and tobacco never-users. There were no difference between the groups regarding treatment outcome. This study highlights the importance of studying not only the influence of smoking but also of snuffing on the progression, severity and treatment outcome in individuals with alcohol dependence.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Schückher, Fides, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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The Importance of Age at Onset of Excessive Alcohol Use with Regard to Psychiatric Symptoms and Personality Characteristics
- 2017
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In: Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0734-7324 .- 1544-4538. ; 35:4, s. 328-343
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Psychiatric symptoms and personality characteristics were studied in men (n=252) and women (n=86) as they commenced treatment for excessive alcohol use. The Addiction Severity Index, Symptom Check List, and Temperament and Character Inventory were used. ANOVA with early/late onset and gender as covariates showed significantly lower scores for psychiatric symptoms and more mature personality characteristics in the late-onset group compared to early onset. Men described more depression and anxiety, and women higher persistence. Results indicate the importance of considering age at onset of excessive alcohol use when patients enter treatment because different treatment approaches may be required.
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