| 1. |
- Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Agent- and Skill-based Process Interoperability for Socio-Technical Production Systems-of-Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783030579968 ; 592, s. 46-54
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research work, we take an interoperability point of view on “production systems-of-systems”. Interoperability of production processes re-quires a stepwise planning of resources. An approach supporting the orchestration and coordination of human and artificial agents (i.e. collaborative robots) is de-veloped. First tasks are assigned to production resources/agents, followed by an interaction and task execution design. Another step taken into account is the tech-nology used as a human-robot interface.
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| 2. |
- Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Low-cost Automation – changing the traditional view on automation strategies using collaborative applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 53, s. 10285-10290
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The labor cost has been one of the main reasons for industry to move some of the production to so called low-cost countries. Research has shown that this issue is more complex than just calculate labor cost as main driver. Organization culture, research and development and technical competence is also important drivers for a successful automation strategy. Another important factor when it comes to automation strategies is what production parameters to consider choosing the right automation. Traditionally five parameters have been considered i.e. Volume, batch sizes, variants, investment cost and labor cost. With new and cheaper solutions for automation these two views on automation and lowcost production need to be considered and changed. This paper will describe three demonstrators using low-cost automation solutions to automate simple tasks in final assembly systems. The stations' investment cost is all below 50,000 euro. The first demonstrators have been set up and tested in a lab environment. The results show a high precision, easiness in programming and high quality. The aim is to test this further in real industrial environment to stress the system and to put it into a tougher environment.
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| 3. |
- Wedin, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Automating nut tightening using Machine Learning
- 2020
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the Volvo Truck assembly plant the repetitive task of nut tightening is not ideal regarding quality and ergonomic. The solution to both these issues would be to significantly increase the level of automation. However, automating this specific station requires solutions to two specific problems. The first problem is to find and identify what nuts that need to be tightened, since they are not always on the same position for this highly customized product. The second problem is that the automated solution needs to accommodate the working space which is a moving assembly line with human operators. This paper investigates how these two problems ban be solved using machine learning and collaborative robots. A realistic mockup of the assembly station has been created at Stena Industry Innovation Laboratory (SII-Lab) where all the testing has been done. The problem to identify the nuts to tighten is further complicated by the fact that some nuts are placed backwards for future further assembly which must be avoided. Therefore, the selected solution is to use supervised machine learning for object recognition. This way, the system can be trained to recognize both nuts that need to be tightened and those mounted backwards, and possible other objects needed. Tests have been conducted with different types of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) algorithms. Results have been very successful, and the test setup has successfully managed to connect the whole task of identifying the correct nuts and move the collaborative robot to that specific position.
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| 4. |
- Åkerman, Magnus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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How to design a smart factory?
- 2020
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - 1613-0073. ; 2900
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enabling technologies of today creates a lot of opportunities. Hence, with all the different choices the complexity of different hardware and software increases. Furthermore, the communication between all the system needs a structure in order to make the whole system more flexible, proactive and productive factory. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how a smart factory can be designed in terms of communication and interoperability between systems. To be able to demonstrate this a drone factory has been built in order to show a smart factory, from inhouse logistics to end-on-line quality check. This paper uses the pathway framework to describe the development of the smart drone factory.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial food web changes induced by terrestrial organic matter and elevated temperature in the coastal northern Baltic Sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change has been projected to cause increased temperature and amplified inflows of terrestrial organic matter to coastal areas in northern Europe. Consequently, changes at the base of the food web favoring heterotrophic bacteria over phytoplankton are expected, affecting the food web structure. We tested this hypothesis using an outdoor shallow mesocosm system in the northern Baltic Sea in early summer, where the effects of increased temperature (+ 3°C) and terrestrial matter inputs were studied following the system dynamics and conducting grazing experiments. Juvenile perch constituted the highest trophic level in the system, which exerted strong predation on the zooplankton community. Perch subsequently released the microbial food web from heavy grazing by mesozooplankton. Addition of terrestrial matter had a stronger effect on the microbial food web than the temperature increase, because terrestrial organic matter and accompanying nutrients promoted both heterotrophic bacterial production and phytoplankton primary production. Moreover, due to the shallow water column in the experiment, terrestrial matter addition did not reduce the light below the photosynthesis saturation level, and in these conditions, the net-autotrophy was strengthened by terrestrial matter enrichment. In combination with elevated temperature, the terrestrial matter addition effects were intensified, further shifting the size distribution of the microbial food web base from picoplankton to microphytoplankton. These changes up the food web led to increase in the biomass and proportion of large-sized ciliates (>60 µm) and rotifers. Despite the shifts in the microbial food web size structure, grazing experiments suggested that the pathway from picoplankton to nano- and microzooplankton constituted the major energy flow in all treatments. The study implies that the microbial food web compartments in shallow coastal waters will adjust to climate induced increased inputs of terrestrial matter and elevated temperature, and that the major energy path will flow from picoplankton to large-sized ciliates during the summer period.
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| 6. |
- Aschenbrenner, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable human-robot co-production for the bicycle industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 104, s. 857-862
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bicycle production has not changed much over the last 100 years, it is still performed mainly by manual labor in mass production. During the global pandemic, the demand for ecologically friendly and customized transport has increased. Hence, customers start to impose the same requirements on bikes as on cars: they want more customized products and short delivery time. This publication describes an approach to transform bicycle manufacturing towards human-robot co-production to enable smaller batch sizes and production on-shoring. We list the challenges of this transformation, our applied methods, and presents preliminary results of the cobot-driven prototypes.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Aktiva studenter = bättre genomströmning?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Universitetspedagogiska konferensen 2021. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogik och lärandestöd (UPL), Umeå universitet. ; , s. 26-26
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the food-web structure and bioaccumulation patterns of organic contaminants in a climate-altered Bothnian Sea mesocosms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to alter global temperature and precipitation patterns resulting in complex environmental impacts. The proposed higher precipitation in northern Scandinavia would increase runoff from land, hence increase the inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in coastal regions. This could promote heterotrophic bacterial production and shift the food web structure, by favoring the microbial food web. The altered climate is also expected to affect transport and availability of organic micropollutants (MPs), with downstream effects on exposure and accumulation in biota. This study aimed to assess climate-induced changes in a Bothnian Sea food web structure as well as bioaccumulation patterns of MPs. We performed a mesocosms-study, focusing on aquatic food webs with fish as top predator. Alongside increased temperature, mesocosm treatments included tDOM and MP addition. The tDOM addition affected nutrient availability and boosted both phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in our fairly shallow mesocosms. The increased tDOM further benefitted flagellates, ciliates and mesozooplankton, while the temperature increase and MP addition had minor effect on those organism groups. Temperature, on the other hand, had a negative impact on fish growth and survival, whereas tDOM and MP addition only had minor impact on fish. Moreover, there were indications that bioaccumulation of MPs in fish either increased with tDOM addition or decreased at higher temperatures. If there was an impact on bioaccumulation, moderately lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.6 - 4.6) were generally affected by tDOM addition and more lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.8 to 6.4) were generally affected by increased temperature. This study suggest that both increased temperatures and addition of tDOM likely will affect bioaccumulation patterns of MPs in shallow coastal regions, albeit with counteracting effects.
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| 9. |
- Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Dual Robot Kit Preparation in Batch Preparation of Component Kits for Mixed Model Assembly
- 2020
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 53, s. 10627-10632
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kitting is a materials supply principle that plays a vital role for performance in mixed model assembly systems. The kit preparation process, whereby component kits are created, is central when kitting is applied. Kit preparation is a form of materials handling and is associated with several ergonomic and quality related issues. Robotics holds a great potential for decreasing the need for human labour, but literature on the topic is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to identify the time efficiency potential of a dual robot application for kit preparation. To address the purpose, a mathematical model is developed that allows dual robot kit preparation to be analysed and compared with manual kit preparation. Furthermore, the model supports identification of a suitable batch size given a lead time requirement from the assembly system. A numerical example shows dual robot kit preparation to be slightly more efficient than its manual ditto for preparation of 2, 3 and 4 kit batch sizes. The paper’s makes a theoretical contribution in terms of the time efficiency model of dual robot kit preparation. This model is also useful for practitioners when evaluating the potential of dual robot arm kit preparation in their own processes.
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| 10. |
- Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Gripper types and components in robotic bin picking
- 2020
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. ; 591, s. 267-274
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While automation is increasingly applied in production processes, it is still rarely used for the core picking activity in kitting and order picking. As picking activities often involves a large number of stock-keeping units (SKUs) with different characteristics, what gripper to use is a central aspect when robotics is applied. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the relationship between gripper types and component characteristics in robotic applications for preparation of component kits. The aim is addressed by means of an experiment in a laboratory setting where a two-finger gripper and a vacuum-gripper are applied for grasping a variety of components in a kit preparation process. The two gripper types are studied with respect to important component characteristics for their suitability, and how the two gripper types compare from an efficiency standpoint. The paper’s findings are useful for practitioners when introducing robotic bin picking. The paper also makes an important contribution to academia in studying the effects of robot picking applications empirically, laying grounds for focused future studies within this area.
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