| 1. |
- Berglund, Björn, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Challenges for developing a system for biogas as vehicle fuel : lessons from Linkoping, Sweden
- 2011
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biofuels are being employed in nearly all the EU member states to fulfill the targets set up by the European Directive 2003/30/EC to have a 5.75% share of renewable energy in their transport sector by 2010. In Sweden ethanol is the leading biofuel, while biogas mainly depend on local initiatives with the city of Linköping as a case in point. Our purpose with this article is to analyze the development of biogas in Linköping within a framework of technological transition theory. To this we add a set of concepts from large technical systems-literature to address and re-analyze two earlier studies on the biogas development in Linköping to achieve a deeper understanding of this success story. We argue that the establishment of a development trajectory for biogas depended on the ability of the involved actors to establish and nurture their social network, to create learning processes and stimulate the articulation of expectations and visions. It was also important that these three factors were allowed to influence each other for the system to gain a momentum of its own. Furthermore, the biogas development in Linköping is found to be interesting in that the triggers for the development came from a variety of levels and angles. Initially, the rising fuel prices after the oil crises in the 1970’s resulted in an increased interest in renewable fuels in general. Second, an anticipated national pipeline for natural gas planned through Linköping was considered a huge potential for methane exports. A part from these external energy incentives, the local trigger was the bad urban air quality caused by the public transport authority’s bus fleet. The breakthrough came when it was discovered that by-product biogas from the wastewater treatment facility could be used as a fuel for transport. When the plans for the national pipeline were rejected, a fruitful co-operation between the municipally owned production facility and the public transport authority was set up to meet the constructed demand from public transport. This cooperative pair-arrangement was the starting point for the biogas niche trajectory as other actors subsequently were enrolled to increase the size and agency of the network. Nowadays, biogas and other renewable fuels play a significant role in the supply of transport fuels for Linköping. In 2009, a total of 9.5% of all transport fuels used in Linköping were from renewable sources, i.e. biogas (4.6%), ethanol and biodiesel. This puts the city well ahead of the European target of 5.75% renewable fuels by 2010.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Gösta W.
(author)
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The Effect of Partial Reinforcement in Programmed Instruction
- 1969
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In: Programmed learning & educational technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0033-0396. ; 6:2, s. 102-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three degrees of reinforcement in a 140‐frame program were provided by modifying the number of confirming answers. The effect was tested on 317 14‐year‐old children and measured with a criterion test immediately after the completion of the program and with the same criterion test delayed one month. Results indicated: (1) no statistically significant difference in immediate or delayed criterion test scores among students subjected to various reinforcement conditions, (2) a negative linear relationship between the time spent on the program and the percentage of confirmation provided, and (3) no evidence of dififerential effect among the various conditions on the subjects’ ratings of the degree of difficulty of the program.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Henrik, 1973, et al.
(author)
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A New Perspective on the Innovators Dilemma Exploring the role of Entrepreneurial Incentives
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Technology Management. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 0267-5730 .- 1741-5276. ; 75:1-4, s. 142-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Why do entrant firms sometimes gain the upper hand under conditions of discontinuous technological change? Previous research on this topic has either looked at the role of established competencies and/or firm incentives to invest in a new technology. In this paper we explore an alternative explanation. Drawing upon evidence from the ongoing transition from CCTV to digital, IP based video surveillance, we argue that entrant firms may be more prone to act entrepreneurially, i.e. more inclined to proactively create or transform markets and build ecosystems. As new technologies frequently require altered behaviour among customers and stakeholders, this capability is sometimes critical in order to succeed in a technological transition. Our contribution therefore lies in pointing out that not only may incentives to allocate R&D resources differ among entrants and incumbents, firms might also have different incentives to engage in entrepreneurial activities of creating or transforming markets.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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A new perspective on the innovator's dilemma-exploring the role of entrepreneurial incentives
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Technology Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 0267-5730 .- 1741-5276. ; 75:1-4, s. 142-156
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Why do entrant firms sometimes gain the upper hand under conditions of discontinuous technological change? Previous research on this topic has either looked at the role of established competencies and/or firm incentives to invest in a new technology. In this paper we explore an alternative explanation. Drawing upon evidence from the ongoing transition from CCTV to digital, IP-based video surveillance, we argue that entrant firms may be more prone to act entrepreneurially, i.e., more inclined to proactively create or transform markets and build ecosystems. As new technologies frequently require altered behaviour among customers and stakeholders, this capability is sometimes critical in order to succeed in a technological transition. Our contribution therefore lies in pointing out that not only may incentives to allocate R&D resources differ among entrants and incumbents, firms might also have different incentives to engage in entrepreneurial activities of creating or transforming markets.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Henrik, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Business model innovation from an open systems perspective : Structural challenges and managerial solutions
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Product Development. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1477-9056 .- 1741-8178. ; 18:3-4, s. 274-285
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an emerging consensus that business models are systemic and transcend firm boundaries. Yet, existing research on Business Model Innovation (BMI) challenges focus almost exclusively on intra-firm factors such as capabilities, cognition and leadership. We explore challenges related to BMI by instead drawing on an open systems perspective on organisations. In particular, we argue that the systemic and boundary-spanning nature of business models imply that firms are forced to act under conditions of interdependence and restricted freedom, since they do not have executive control over their surrounding network. Consequently, we propose that suitable managerial solutions include the development of shared knowledge, appropriability regimes based on trust, network stability and the alignment of heterogeneous interests.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Henrik
(author)
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Hindu Nationalism and Gender in the Indian Civil Society
- 2011
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In: International feminist journal of politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6742 .- 1468-4470. ; 13:1, s. 83-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Indian women's movement has for the last two decades been engaged in a struggle against an aggressive Hindu nationalism. Based on the idea of Hindu supremacy and a revival of traditional Hindu culture, the Hindu nationalist movement has grown as a political force in an era of rapid modernization and globalization. Met with strong resistance from secular forces, this Hindu nationalist challenge has tried to turn civil society into a battlefield challenging feminist liberal and socialist ideas on gender relations, advocating a definition of gender roles based on a traditional Hindu culture. The theoretical starting point of the article is a form of modified civil society theory in which civil society is analysed as an arena where various social and political forces battle against the State, but also against each other. It is argued in the article that despite their significant political success the Hindu nationalist forces have largely failed to gain any ground within the Indian women's movement and remain relatively isolated.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Henrik, 1973
(author)
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Interviews with Pioneers in Entrepreneurship Research: William Gartner.
- 2011
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In: Revue de l'Entrepreneuriat. - 1766-2524. ; 10:1, s. 73-82
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Question 1) As a highly influential entrepreneurship scholar with more than 25 years of experience, you have helped launch large-scale empirical research programmes (e.g. PSED), pioneered new theoretical perspectives (e.g. the focus on behaviors rather than character traits), and also -- perhaps as a consequence of this -- actively engaged in debates and discussions of a more paradigmatic nature. In light of this wide-ranging experience, what is your own personal view of the history and current state of entrepreneurship as a field of research?Question 2) Let's focus more narrowly on how to understand and study entrepreneurial action or behavior. As I see it, much of this research can be roughly organized under three headings that reflect broad research programmes in entrepreneurship studies, and also correspond to generic views of human action, viz.: the empiricism of behavioral approaches, the rationalism of cognitive approaches, and the interpretivism of discursive approaches (Berglund 2005). Again accord- ing to my interpretation, behavioral approaches tend to downplay the subjective meanings that actions have to individuals in favor of objective examinations of specific behaviors. Cognitive approaches seek to address intentionality and meaning by showing how different thought styles and knowledge structures, e.g. heuristics and biases, cause different behaviors. Discursive approaches explicitly probe the subjective meanings actions have to individuals by investigating how entrepreneurial actions and decisions are affected by more or less public narratives and discourses. ...
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Henrik, 1964-
(author)
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Introduction
- 2011. - 1
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In: Power to the People? (Con-)Tested Civil Society in Search of Democracy. - Uppsala : Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development (CSD), Uppsala University. - 9789197574174 ; , s. 169-172
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Quantifying habitat requirements of tree-living species in fragmented boreal forests with Bayesian methods
- 2009
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 23:5, s. 1127-1137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantitative conservation objectives require detailed consideration of the habitat requirements of target species. Tree-living bryophytes, lichens, and fungi are a critical and declining biodiversity component of boreal forests. To understand their requirements, Bayesian methods were used to analyze the relationships between the occurrence of individual species and habitat factors at the tree and the stand scale in a naturally fragmented boreal forest landscape. The importance of unexplained between-stand variation in occurrence of species was estimated, and the ability of derived models to predict species' occurrence was tested. The occurrence of species was affected by quality of individual trees. Furthermore, the relationships between occurrence of species at the tree level and size and shape of stands indicated edge effects, implying that some species were restricted to interior habitats of large, regular stands. Yet for the habitat factors studied, requirements of many species appeared similar. Species occurrence also varied between stands; most of the seemingly suitable trees in some stands were unoccupied. The models captured most variation in species occurrence at tree level. They also successfully accounted for between-stand variation in species occurrence, thus providing realistic simulations of stand-level occupancy of species. Important unexplained between-stand variation in species occurrence warns against a simplified view that only local habitat factors influence species' occurrence. Apparently, similar stands will host populations of different sizes due to historical, spatial, and stochastic factors. Thus, habitat suitability cannot be assessed simply by population sizes, and stands lacking a species may still provide suitable habitat and merit protection.
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