| 1. |
- Yang, Wen-Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure With Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 322:5, s. 409-420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ImportanceBlood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for overall mortality and cardiovascular (CV)-specific fatal and nonfatal outcomes. It is uncertain which BP index is most strongly associated with these outcomes. ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of BP indexes with death and a composite CV event. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsLongitudinal population-based cohort study of 11135 adults from Europe, Asia, and South America with baseline observations collected from May 1988 to May 2010 (last follow-ups, August 2006-October 2016). ExposuresBlood pressure measured by an observer or an automated office machine; measured for 24 hours, during the day or the night; and the dipping ratio (nighttime divided by daytime readings). Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) expressed the risk of death or a CV event associated with BP increments of 20/10 mm Hg. Cardiovascular events included CV mortality combined with nonfatal coronary events, heart failure, and stroke. Improvement in model performance was assessed by the change in the area under the curve (AUC). ResultsAmong 11135 participants (median age, 54.7 years, 49.3% women), 2836 participants died (18.5 per 1000 person-years) and 2049 (13.4 per 1000 person-years) experienced a CV event over a median of 13.8 years of follow-up. Both end points were significantly associated with all single systolic BP indexes (P<.001). For nighttime systolic BP level, the HR for total mortality was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.17-1.28) and for CV events, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.30-1.43). For the 24-hour systolic BP level, the HR for total mortality was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.16-1.28) and for CV events, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.37-1.54). With adjustment for any of the other systolic BP indexes, the associations of nighttime and 24-hour systolic BP with the primary outcomes remained statistically significant (HRs ranging from 1.17 [95% CI, 1.10-1.25] to 1.87 [95% CI, 1.62-2.16]). Base models that included single systolic BP indexes yielded an AUC of 0.83 for mortality and 0.84 for the CV outcomes. Adding 24-hour or nighttime systolic BP to base models that included other BP indexes resulted in incremental improvements in the AUC of 0.0013 to 0.0027 for mortality and 0.0031 to 0.0075 for the composite CV outcome. Adding any systolic BP index to models already including nighttime or 24-hour systolic BP did not significantly improve model performance. These findings were consistent for diastolic BP. Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based cohort study, higher 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure measurements were significantly associated with greater risks of death and a composite CV outcome, even after adjusting for other office-based or ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Thus, 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure may be considered optimal measurements for estimating CV risk, although statistically, model improvement compared with other blood pressure indexes was small.
|
|
| 2. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ansari, Farhan, et al.
(författare)
-
Interface tailoring through covalent hydroxyl-epoxy bonds improves hygromechanical stability in nanocellulose materials
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 134, s. 175-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wide-spread use of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) biocomposites and nanomaterials is limited by CNF moisture sensitivity due to surface hydration. We report on a versatile and scalable interface tailoring route for CNF to address this, based on technically important epoxide chemistry. Bulk impregnation of epoxide-amine containing liquids is used to show that CNF hydroxyls can react with epoxides at high rates and high degree of conversion to form covalent bonds. Reactions take place inside nanostructured CNF networks under benign conditions, and are verified by solid state NMR. Epoxide modified CNF nanopaper shows significantly improved mechanical properties under moist and wet conditions. High resolution microscopy is used in fractography studies to relate the property differences to structural change. The cellulose-epoxide interface tailoring concept is versatile in that the functionality of molecules with epoxide end-groups can be varied over a wide range. Furthermore, epoxide reactions with nanocellulose can be readily implemented for processing of moisture-stable, tailored interface biocomposites in the form of coatings, adhesives and molded composites.
|
|
| 4. |
- Breugom, A. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision : a Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG) randomized phase III trial
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 26:4, s. 696-701
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The discussion on the role of adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer patients treated according to current guidelines is still ongoing. A multicentre, randomized phase III trial, PROCTOR-SCRIPT, was conducted to compare adjuvant chemotherapy with observation for rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision (TME). Patients and methods: The PROCTOR-SCRIPT trial recruited patients from 52 hospitals. Patients with histologically proven stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned (1: 1) to observation or adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy and TME. Radiotherapy consisted of 5 x 5 Gy. Chemoradiotherapy consisted of 25 x 1.8-2 Gy combined with 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of 5-FU/LV (PROCTOR) or eight courses capecitabine (SCRIPT). Randomization was based on permuted blocks of six, stratified according to centre, residual tumour, time between last irradiation and surgery, and preoperative treatment. The primary end point was overall survival. Results: Of 470 enrolled patients, 437 were eligible. The trial closed prematurely because of slow patient accrual. Patients were randomly assigned to observation (n = 221) or adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 216). After a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 5-year overall survival was 79.2% in the observation group and 80.4% in the chemotherapy group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-1.39; P = 0.73]. The HR for disease-free survival was 0.80 (95% CI 0.60-1.07; P = 0.13). Five-year cumulative incidence for locoregional recurrences was 7.8% in both groups. Five-year cumulative incidence for distant recurrences was 38.5% and 34.7%, respectively (P = 0.39). Conclusion: The PROCTOR-SCRIPT trial could not demonstrate a significant benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine monotherapy after preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy and TME on overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence rate. However, this trial did not complete planned accrual.
|
|
| 5. |
- Carosio, Federico, et al.
(författare)
-
Oriented Clay Nanopaper from Biobased Components Mechanisms for Superior Fire Protection Properties
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 7:10, s. 5847-5856
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The toxicity of the most efficient fire retardant additives is a major problem for polymeric Materials. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/clay nanocomposites, with unique brick-and-mortar structure and prepared by simple filtration, are characterized from the morphological point of view by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. These nanocomposites have superior fire protection properties to Other clay nanocomposites and fiber composites. The Corresponding mechanisms are evaluated in terms of flammability (reaction to a flame) and cone calorimetry (exposure to heat flux). These two tests provide a wide spectrum characterization of fire protection properties in CNF/montmorrilonite (MTM) Materials. The morphology of the collected residues after flammability testing is investigated. In addition, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability are evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses performed in inert (nitrogen) and oxidative (air) atmospheres. Physical and chemical mechanisms are identified and related to the unique nanostructure and its low thermal conductivity, high gas barrier properties and CNF/ MTM interactions for char formation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Li, Yuanyuan, et al.
(författare)
-
Luminescent Transparent Wood
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2195-1071. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Luminescent transparent wood is prepared by combining the complementary properties of naturally grown anisotropic porous wood and luminescent quantum dots. The wood structure introduces strong diffused luminescence and waveguiding, which can potentially be exploited for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, such as for planar illumination sources and luminescent buildings/furniture. Images below show the transparency, haze, and luminescence of quantum dot wood.
|
|
| 7. |
- Plummer, C. J. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of processing routes on morphology and low strain stiffness of polymer/nanofibrillated cellulose composites
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Plastics, rubber and composites. - 1465-8011 .- 1743-2898. ; 44:3, s. 81-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology of polymer/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) composite sheets produced using different techniques and its influence on low strain stiffness were assessed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Solvent processing led to relatively homogeneous NFC dispersions and significant reinforcement of the in-plane Young's modulus. The continuous cellular networks obtained by wet comingling of polylactide powder or latex with NFC also provided efficient and essentially scale independent reinforcement, in spite of the extensive agglomeration of the NFC. However, the irreversible nature of these networks is incompatible with low pressure thermoplastic processing routes such as physical foaming, and while they may be broken up by e.g. extrusion, this led to substantial loss in reinforcement, particularly at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the matrix, consistent with the observation of isolated low aspect ratio NFC aggregates in the extruded specimens.
|
|
| 8. |
- Yao, Kun, et al.
(författare)
-
Bioinspired Interface Engineering for Moisture Resistance in Nacre-Mimetic Cellulose Nanofibrils/Clay Nanocomposites
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:23, s. 20169-20178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interfacial adhesion design between "mortar" and "bricks" is essential for mechanical and barrier performance of nanocellulose-based nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, especially at high moisture conditions. To address this fundamental challenge, dopamine (DA) has been conjugated to cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and subsequently assembled with montmorillonite (MTM) to generate layered nanocomposite films inspired by the strong adhesion of mussel adhesive proteins to inorganic surfaces under water. The selective formation of catechol/metal ion chelation and hydrogen bonding at the interface between MTM platelets and CNFs bearing DA renders transparent films with strong mechanical properties, particularly at high humidity and in wet state. Increasing the amount of conjugated DA on CNFs results in nanocomposites with increased tensile strength and modulus, up to 57.4 MPa and 1.1 GPa, respectively, after the films are swollen in water. The nanocomposites also show excellent gas barrier properties at high relative humidity (95%), complementing the multifunctional property profile.
|
|
