| 1. |
- Cotgreave, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Pyriproxifen and microcephaly: an investigation of potential ties to the ongoing "Zika epidemic"
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As part of the Swetox mission to react to emerging concerns in chemical health and environmental safety, a preliminary litterature investigation was undertaken to gather all readily available scientific information on PPF with respect to safety assessment, in order to better understand potential links between chemical exposure and the devopment of microcephaly in affected areas. Therefore the contents of the report do not constitute an attempt at either questioning the use of existing regulatory data in the manner prescribed by international regulatory proceedures, or as a new risk assessment, based on the scientific information and concepts discussed. Here we report our findings, with particular emphasis on exisiting regulatory information, potential for lack of translation of results from regulatory animal testing to humans, lack of human exposure data and suggestions on plausible mode(s) of action of PPF in human neurodevelopmental adversities such as microcephaly.
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| 2. |
- Al-Anati, Lauy, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyl metabolite of PCB 180 induces DNA damage signaling and enhances the DNA damaging effect of benzo[a]pyrene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemico-Biological Interactions. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2797 .- 1872-7786. ; 239, s. 164-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxyl metabolites (OH-PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants in human tissues and blood. The toxicological impact of these metabolites is poorly understood. In this study rats were exposed to ultrapure PCB180 (10-1000 mg/kg bw) for 28 days and induction of genotoxic stress in liver was investigated. DNA damage signaling proteins (pChk1Ser317 and gamma H2AXSer319) were increased dose dependently in female rats. This increase was paralleled by increasing levels of the metabolite 3'-OH-PCB180. pChk1 was the most sensitive marker. In in vitro studies HepG2 cells were exposed to 1 mu M of PCB180 and 3'-OH-PCB180 or the positive control benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 5 mu M). 3'-OH-PCB180, but not PCB180, induced CYP1A1 mRNA and gamma H2AX. CYP1A1 mRNA induction was seen at 1 h, and gamma H2AX at 3 h. The anti-oxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) completely prevented, and 17 beta-estradiol amplified the gamma H2AX induction by 3'-OH-PCB180. As 3'-OH-PCB180 induced CYP1A1, a major BaP-metabolizing and activating enzyme, interactions between 3'-OH-PCB180 and BaP was also studied. The metabolite amplified the DNA damage signaling response to BaP. In conclusion, metabolism of PCB180 to its hydroxyl metabolite and the subsequent induction of CYP1A1 seem important for DNA damage induced by PCB180 in vivo. Amplification of the response with estradiol may explain why DNA damage was only seen in female rats.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Power-line corridors as source habitat for butterflies in forest landscapes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 201, s. 320-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern intensified agriculture has decreased farmland heterogeneity, which has led to strong negative effects on farmland biodiversity. However, partly forested landscapes seem to offer many alternative habitats for open habitat species such as butterflies, since modern forestry and development of infrastructure has created several new environments such as forest road verges and power-line corridors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of power-line corridors (PLCs) as butterfly habitats by testing i) if species richness and abundance of butterflies in PLCs are affected by adjacent habitat composition (i.e. comparisons of PLCs with different adjacent habitats), ii) if PLCs act as source habitat through spill-over of individuals into adjacent forest roads and semi-natural pastures and iii) if species composition differs among the investigated habitat types. To investigate this we censured the butterfly fauna in 23 study landscapes in south-central Sweden. We found support for the hypothesis that PLCs may act as source habitats for butterflies in forest roads and pastures, since species richness and abundance were decreasing with increasing distance to PLC from 0 to 500 m. In addition, the species composition in forest roads and pastures close to and far from PLCs was similar, suggesting that this increase was not due to an increase of PLC specialists in the other two habitats. Thus, we have shown that PLCs in themselves are important butterfly habitats independently of adjacent habitat composition (adjacent mature forest, clear cuts or arable land), and they contribute to increased species richness and abundance of butterflies in surrounding areas over 10 times larger than their own width. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Åke, 1950-
(författare)
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EDC-2020 : Summary for decision-makers
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EDC-2020 - A research project on endocrine disrupting chemicals, which brought together researchers from different subject areas for the development of a chemical-safe world.The global production of man-made chemicals is increasing dramatically. Research shows that the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment leads to extensive societal costs and that risk assessment has major shortcomings. EDC-2020 was started to meet these challenges in the long term. Researchers from different subject areas have worked together and have improved the understanding of problems and risks of endocrine disruptors in quite some detail. EDC-2020 has also increased collaboration in the educational area related to risk assessments of chemicals.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Åke, 1950-
(författare)
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EDC-2020 Sammanfattning för beslutsfattare
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- EDC-2020 – Ett forskningsprojekt om hormonstörande kemikalier, som sammanfört forskare från olika ämnesområden för utveckling av en kemikaliesäker värld. Den globala produktionen av kemikalier ökar mycket kraftigt. Forskningen visar att kemikaliers påverkan på människors hälsa och miljö leder till omfattande samhällskostnader och att riskbedömningen har stora brister. EDC- 2020 startades för att långsiktigt möta dessa utmaningar.Forskare från olika ämnesområden har arbetat tillsammans och har kommit flera steg vidare med att i detalj förstå problemen med hormonstörande ämnen. EDC-2020 har dessutom ökat samverkan kring utbildning inom området.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Manufacturing doubt about endocrine disrupter science : A rebuttal of industry-sponsored critical comments on the UNEP/WHO report "State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012"
- 2015
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Ingår i: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. - : Academic Press. - 0273-2300 .- 1096-0295. ; 73:3, s. 1007-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed response to the critique of "State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012" (UNEP/WHO, 2013) by financial stakeholders, authored by Lamb et al. (2014). Lamb et al.'s claim that UNEP/WHO (2013) does not provide a balanced perspective on endocrine disruption is based on incomplete and misleading quoting of the report through omission of qualifying statements and inaccurate description of study objectives, results and conclusions. Lamb et al. define extremely narrow standards for synthesizing evidence which are then used to dismiss the UNEP/WHO 2013 report as flawed. We show that Lamb et al. misuse conceptual frameworks for assessing causality, especially the Bradford-Hill criteria, by ignoring the fundamental problems that exist with inferring causality from empirical observations. We conclude that Lamb et al.'s attempt of deconstructing the UNEP/WHO (2013) report is not particularly erudite and that their critique is not intended to be convincing to the scientific community, but to confuse the scientific data. Consequently, it promotes misinterpretation of the UNEP/WHO (2013) report by non-specialists, bureaucrats, politicians and other decision makers not intimately familiar with the topic of endocrine disruption and therefore susceptible to false generalizations of bias and subjectivity.
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| 8. |
- Bopp, Stephanie K., et al.
(författare)
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Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 120, s. 544-562
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises concerns about their impact on public and environmental health. The risk assessment of chemicals for regulatory purposes mainly relies on the assessment of individual chemicals. If exposure to multiple chemicals is considered in a legislative framework, it is usually limited to chemicals falling within this framework and co-exposure to chemicals that are covered by a different regulatory framework is often neglected. Methodologies and guidance for assessing risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals have been developed for different regulatory sectors, however, a harmonised, consistent approach for performing mixture risk assessments and management across different regulatory sectors is lacking. At the time of this publication, several EU research projects are running, funded by the current European Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020 or the Seventh Framework Programme. They aim at addressing knowledge gaps and developing methodologies to better assess chemical mixtures, by generating and making available internal and external exposure data, developing models for exposure assessment, developing tools for in silico and in vitro effect assessment to be applied in a tiered framework and for grouping of chemicals, as well as developing joint epidemiological-toxicological approaches for mixture risk assessment and for prioritising mixtures of concern. The projects EDC-MixRisk, EuroMix, EUToxRisk, HBM4EU and SOLUTIONS have started an exchange between the consortia, European Commission Services and EU Agencies, in order to identify where new methodologies have become available and where remaining gaps need to be further addressed. This paper maps how the different projects contribute to the data needs and assessment methodologies and identifies remaining challenges to be further addressed for the assessment of chemical mixtures.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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Chemical Pollution - Challenges in the Yangtze River Delta, China : A 2017 Sino-Swedish Research Report
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over time China became the globally most important manufacturer of chemicals and inherited the pollution problems with production and use of chemicals. The Yangtze River Delta is very much a central area for the chemical production and for manufacturing of a variety of chemical products, materials and goods. A science based cooperation between researchers from Tongji University, Stockholm University and the Swedish Museum of Natural History started to develop in the first decade of the present century. The cooperation was aimed to improve the understanding of chemical pollutants and their influence on wildlife and humans in the Yangtze River Delta area, to generate novel data and establish advanced chemical monitoring programs.Chemical Pollution — Challenges in the Yangtze River Delta is the first scientific report of the Chemstrres project, "Swedish-Chinese chemical pollution stress and risks research program in the Yangtze River Delta region". The project has been funded by the Swedish Research Council. This book covers the essentials of the natural, social, economic, and chemical environments of the Yangtze River Delta, as well as an up-to-date, introduction of the research activities and highlights within Chemstrres. The book is aimed to attract readers from all sectors of society; vivid graphics and diagrams can be found throughout the text. Both Chemstrres project and this book are expected to bring scientists and decision makers closer together, to enable science based management for improved human health and environmental prosperity.
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