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- Barkholt, L M, et al.
(författare)
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Stool cultures obtained before liver transplantation are useful for choice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis
- 1997
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 10:6, s. 432-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial infections, especially cholangitis, are still common complications after liver transplantation (LTx). During recent years, multiresistant enterococci have become a nosocomial problem in transplant units. The present prospective study on 26 patients, including 24 patients with chronic liver disease, demonstrated that enterococci were the predominant micro-organism involved in post-LTx bacterial infections. They were cultured in the feces and in other sites of 10 out of 13 (77%) patients who underwent extensive examinations. Ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were isolated in urine or feces of 2 of the 13 patients prior to LTx. Similarly, resistance to ampicillin and gentamicin, the empirically used antibiotics for patients with fever of unknown origin, was found in E. faecium strains in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Moreover, multiresistant E. faecium and E. faecalis strains were demonstrated in 46% of the patients in the postoperative period (3 months). However, no vancomycin-resistant enterococci were isolated. The use of antibiotics within 4 months prior to LTx significantly increased the risk of developing ampicillin-resistant bacteria at the time of LTx and of infections with bacteria of enteric origin after LTx (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). We conclude that stool and urine cultures performed prior to LTX may be useful for selecting prophylactic antibiotic regimens.
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of catecholamine-mediated apoptosis of immunocompetent cells by capillary electrophoresis.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 18:10, s. 1760-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single cell analysis with capillary electrophoresis, a technique capable of detecting zeptomole quantities (10(-21) mole) of neurochemical species, has been used to demonstrate that lymphocytes are capable of active synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine. Exposure of lymphocytes to catecholamines at concentrations as low as 10 nM leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation, e.g. interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and immunoglobulin (Ig). In addition, both inhibition of dopamine uptake with nomifensine and inhibition of packing of catecholamines into vesicles with tetrabenazine, results in significantly lower levels of dopamine and norepinephrine (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The catecholamine-dependent inhibition of T- and B-lymphocyte activity is mediated via an induction of a Bcl-2/Bax and Fas/FasL involved apoptosis. These findings indicate a novel mechanism for regulation of lymphocyte activity in the central nervous system, whereby elevated regional levels of catecholamines might lead to the immunoprivilege of the brain.
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| 4. |
- Abeysekera, John D. A., et al.
(författare)
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The need for research on human factors regarding personal protective devices in the cold environment
- 1996
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Ingår i: Performance of protective clothing. - West Conshohocken, Pa : ASTM International. - 0803119879
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human factors or wearability needs of personal protective devices (ppd) and clothing (ppc) worn in the cold environment become more important as they must compromise with, and be adapted to, the clothing worn for cold protection. The occupational risks among outdoor workers in the cold can be aggravated if the wearability demands of ppd are not met. Failure to adequately meet user needs in currently used ppd in the cold environment has resulted in discomfort, injury, non-use and performance decrement among outdoor workers, particularly in the extreme cold regions. A preliminary study consisting of a literature survey in popular data bases and questionnaire survey among users of ppd, were carried out to ascertain what studies have already been conducted in this area and whether a wearability problem really exists among users, respectively. The literature revealed some specific areas where wearability problems exist and some research carried out on methods of testing of ergonomic characteristics of ppd. The questionnaire among ppd users in the cold climate confirmed that the workers do confront many inadequacies in the use of ppd. A case study carried out on ergonomic demands of safety shoes in the cold climate among users, manufacturers and experts revealed a similar trend of demands and priorities in ergonomics of shoes among all three groups. From the findings of the preliminary study it can be concluded that human factors research in ppd and particularly ppd worn on body extremities, viz. safety helmets, shoes and gloves, for use in the cold environment, seem urgent. Some research needs in the development of methods of testing for ppd evaluation are suggested.
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, M, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of defensins in human lymphocyte nuclei
- 1999
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY. - : BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD. - 0014-2956. ; 263:2, s. 312-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cell nucleus plays an essential role in all aspects of cell function and regulation. Most of the nuclear proteins/ peptides are synthesized in the cytoplasm. and transported into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complexes. The nuclear proteins/pep
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| 10. |
- Blomqvist, M, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of defensins in human lymphocyte nuclei
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 263:2, s. 312-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cell nucleus plays an essential role in all aspects of cell function and regulation. Most of the nuclear proteins/peptides are synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complexes. The nuclear proteins/peptides conjugate with each other and interact in transcriptional activation/inactivation. Several of the high molecular mass transcription factors (> 30 kDa) have been identified and characterized. However, the information on the low molecular mass proteins/peptides of the nucleus is limited. We have investigated these low molecular mass proteins/peptides from the nucleus of human peripheral blood lymphocytes using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The HPLC fractions were further analysed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization time of flight (ESI-TOF) mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry for mass determination. Using this combination of mass spectrometry techniques and microsequence analysis, we have shown that human lymphocyte nuclei contain defensins, a mixture of human neutrophil granule peptide 1, 2 and 3.
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