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- Aretorn, Lena, 1966-
(författare)
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Mathematics in the Swedish Upper Secondary School Electricity Program : A study of teacher knowledge
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mathematical knowledge is often a prerequisite for students at Swedish upper secondary vocational programs to be able to study vocational courses, for example electricity courses in the Electricity Program. Electricity Program students study mathematics in their electricity courses as well as in their mathematics course. The mathematics in those two settings has a different character. A goal of this thesis is to investigate what constitutes that character. In this study three mathematics and five electricity teachers have been interviewed about how they would explain three mathematical electricity tasks to students on the Electricity Program. Teacher knowledge in both electricity and mathematics has been used in the analyses and has been compared between the different teacher groups. In addition to providing an overview analysis of all the teachers’ explanations, detailed analyses have been carried out, comparing pairs of teachers’ explanations. The teachers’ choices of explanations and their use of specific and general mathematical knowledge have been studied. Mathematics contains a wide range of subject areas but also a wide range of representations and methods that highlight different aspects of mathematics. This study shows that different teachers emphasize different aspects of mathematics in their explanations of the same tasks, even though intended to the same students, both in the their choices of explanation and in their use of mathematics. The electricity teachers drew upon their practical electrical knowledge when they connected their explanations of mathematics to vocational work. The electrical knowledge they used not only grounded the tasks in a, for them, well-known real-world environment. The electrical knowledge actually helped them to solve the tasks, albeit in a more concrete/specific way than the mathematics teachers. The electricity teachers drew upon more specific mathematical knowledge in their explanations of the interview tasks, whereas the mathematics teachers drew upon more general mathematical knowledge in their explanations. The different explanations of mathematics from the two kinds of teachers are markedly different, depending on whether they have a more practical/vocational or a more general/algebraic approach. The solutions to the interview tasks turned out to be the same but the character of the solutions paths are substantially different. This raises questions regarding the students’ abilities to reconcile the different approaches.
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| 2. |
- Bergqvist, Claes, 1977-
(författare)
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Arsenic accumulation in plants for food and phytoremediation : Influence by external factors
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arsenic (As) appears in the environment as various As species, which may vary in plant uptake and toxicity. Moreover, As exposure may vary between habitat due to availability and speciation, both of which are influenced by redox potential. To decrease As uptake, addition of silicate may be a tool.The aim of the study was to investigate how the external factors As availability, plant habitats, silicon and oxygen level, influenced the accumulation and speciation of As in plants for food and phytoremediation in a temperate region. The external factors were chosen due to their previously showed influence on As in plants.The risks with dietary As was investigated by plant As accumulation and speciation in carrot, lettuce and spinach grown in alum shale and glassworks soils, and by the influence of silicon on As accumulation in lettuce in hydroponics. Suitable plants for As phytoremediation was investigated by analysing plants from various habitats, and by the O2 influence on phytofiltration.The results showed that vegetables accumulated more As in soils with higher As extractability, and the As extractability in the rhizosphere was higher than in bulk soil. Also, the As concentration in lettuce was higher in hydroponics than in soil, but silicon reduced the accumulation of As in lettuce in hydroponics. Also, the more toxic inorganic As were the main As species detected in vegetables, compared with the less toxic organic As. For phytoremediation, the results showed a low As accumulation in emergent and terrestrial plants. Submerged plants had had a higher shoot As concentration. In general, the habitat had a major influence on the As accumulation in plants. The results also showed that the As accumulation properties in Elodea canadensis was reduced at higher O2.In conclusion, consumption of vegetables cultivated in As polluted soils can result in an elevated intake of inorganic As, and E. canadensis is a promising candidate for As phytofiltration in a temperate region.
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| 5. |
- Blomgren, Lena, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Late follow-up of a randomized trial of routine duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 98:8, s. 1112-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Routine preoperative duplex examination led to an improvement in results 2 years after surgery for primary varicose veins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative duplex imaging after 7 years, in relation to other risk factors for varicose vein recurrence. Methods: Patients with primary varicose veins were randomized to operation with (group 1), or without (group 2) preoperative duplex imaging. The same patients were invited to attend follow-up with interview, clinical examination and duplex imaging. Quality of life (QoL) was measured with the Short Form 36 questionnaire. Results: Some 293 patients (343 legs) were included initially; after 7 years 227 were interviewed, or their records reviewed: 114 in group 1 and 113 in group 2. One hundred and ninety-four legs (95 in group 1 and 99 in group 2) were examined clinically and with duplex imaging. Incompetence was seen at the saphenofemoral junction and/or saphenopopliteal junction in 14 per cent of legs in group 1 and 46 per cent in group 2 (P < 0.001). QoL was similar in both groups. After a mean follow-up of 7 years (and including patients who underwent surgery after the review), 15 legs in group 1 needed reoperation and 38 in group 2 (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Routine preoperative duplex imaging improved the results of surgery for primary varicose veins for at least 7 years.
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| 6. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Pain Assessment in Ventilated and Non-Ventilated Neonates in NICUs across Europe : EUROpean Pain Audit in Neonates (EUROPAIN Survey)
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neonates undergo many painful procedures during their NICU stay. These may include tracheal intubation/ventilation, skin-breaking procedures, drainage/suctioning of body orifices or cavities. Inherent subjectivity and difficulties of neonatal pain assessment contribute to a wide variety of assessment tools and clinical practices. To date, these practices have been not studied at a large scale. OBJECTIVE: To determine current clinical practices for neonatal pain assessment in NICUs across Europe. DESIGN/METHODS: An epidemiological observational study on bedside pain assessment practices collected data for all neonates in participating NICUs until infants left the unit (discharge, death, transfer to another hospital) or for 28 days. Data collection occurred via an online database for 1 month at each NICU. All neonates up to a gestational age of 44 weeks were included. RESULTS: From October 2012 to June 2013, 243 NICUs from 18 European countries collected pain assessment data in 6680 neonates. Of these, 2142 received tracheal ventilation (ventilated) and 4538 had spontaneous breathing or non- invasive ventilation (non-ventilated). The median (IQR) gestational age of ventilated neonates [32.1 (28.1-37.4)] was less than non-ventilated neonates [36.6 (33.6-39.1), p<0.001]. Overall, 58.5% of ventilated neonates and 35.2%% of non-ventilated neonates received bedside pain assessments (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Over half (58.5%) of ventilated neonates and about one third (35.2%) of non-ventilated neonates had pain assessments performed in European NICUs. Wide variations in the methods used and rates of pain assessment exist among countries
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| 7. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Pain Assessment In Ventilated And Non-ventilated Neonates In Nicus Across Europe : European Pain Audit In Neonates (europain Survey)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - London, United Kingdom : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 99, s. A68-A68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neonates undergo many painful procedures during their NICU stay. These may include tracheal intubation/ventilation, skin-breaking procedures, drainage/suctioning of body orifices or cavities. Inherent subjectivity and difficulties of neonatal pain assessment contribute to a wide variety of assessment tools and clinical practices. To date, these practices have been not studied at a large scale.Objective: To determine current clinical practices for neonatal pain assessment in NICUs across Europe.Methods: An epidemiological observational study on bedside pain assessment practices collected data for all neonates in participating NICUs until infants left the unit (discharge, death, transfer to another hospital) or for 28 days. Data collection occurred via an online database for 1 month at each NICU. All neonates up to a gestational age of 44 weeks were included.Results: From October 2012 to June 2013, 243 NICUs from 18 European countries collected pain assessment data in 6680 neonates. Of these, 2142 received tracheal ventilation (TV), 1496 non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and 3042 only spontaneous ventilation (SV). The median (IQR) gestational age of TV, NIV and SV neonates were 32.1 (28.1–37.4), 33.6 (31.0–36.6) and 37.9 (35.0–39.9), respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, 58.5% of TV neonates, 45.0% of NIV neonates and 30.4% of SV neonates received bedside pain assessments (p < 0.001). Fig. shows pain assessments by country.Conclusions: Over half (58.5%) of TV neonates and less than half (45.0%) of NIV neonates had pain assessments performed in European NICUs. Wide variations in the rates of pain assessment exist among countries and an important improvement seems necessary.
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| 8. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Sedation And Analgesia For Neonates In Nicus Across Europe : The Europain Survey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - London, United Kingdom : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 99, s. A64-A64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pain and stress induced by mechanical ventilation, invasive procedures, or painful diseases supports the use of sedation/analgesia (S/A) in newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). To date, these practices have not been studied at a large scale.Objective: To determine current clinical practices regarding the use of S/A drugs in NICUs across Europe.Methods: This epidemiological observational study on bedside clinical practices regarding S/A collected data for all neonates in participating NICUs until the infant left the unit (discharge, death, transfer) or for up to 28 days. Data collection occurred via an online database for 1 month at each NICU. All neonates up to 44 weeks gestation were included.Results: From October 2012 to June 2013, 243 NICUs from 18 European countries collected data on 6680 eligible neonates. Of these, 2142 received tracheal ventilation (TV), 1496 non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and 3042 only spontaneous ventilation (SV). The median (IQR) gestational age of TV, NIV and SV neonates were 32.1 (28.1–37.4), 33.6 (31.0–36.6) and 37.9 (35.0–39.9), respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, more TV neonates [81.5% (n = 1746)] received S/A drugs than NIV neonates [17.8% (n = 266)] and SV neonates [9.3% (n = 282)]; p < 0.001. Fig. shows the rate of S/A use by country; table shows S/A drugs used.Conclusions: Most ventilated but few non-ventilated neonates (NIV and SV) receive S/A therapy in European NICUs. Wide variations in S/A use, drugs used, and mode of administration (continuous, bolus, or both) exist among countries.
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| 9. |
- Holth, Line, et al.
(författare)
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Genusarbetsdelning - exploatering av kvinnors arbetskraft
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln diskuterar genusarbetsdelning som särskiljande då det gäller synen på kvinnors och mäns arbete och arbetsvillkor i Sverige i ett historiskt perspektiv och med en startpunkt i industrialiseringsprocessen. Fokus ligger på villkoren idag och på hur det moderna arbetslivet formats utifrån föreställningar kopplade till denna process. Artikeln diskuterar vad detta betyder då vi idag talar om work life balance och jämställdhet. Artikeln går bortom arbetsbegreppets könsneutrala förståelse och "fyller" det med kvinnor och män.
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| 10. |
- Micke, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Gene Copy Number Aberrations Are Associated with Survival in Histologic Subgroups of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 6:11, s. 1833-1840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by a multitude of genetic aberrations with unknown clinical impact. In this study, we aimed to identify gene copy number changes that correlate with clinical outcome in NSCLC. To maximize the chance to identify clinically relevant events, we applied a strategy involving two prognostically extreme patient groups. Methods: Short-term (<20 month; n = 53) and long-term survivors (>58 month; n = 47) were selected from a clinically well-characterized NSCLC patient cohort with available fresh frozen tumor specimens. The samples were analyzed using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism array technology to assess gene copy number variations and array-based gene expression profiling. The molecular data were combined with information on clinical parameters. Results: Genetic aberrations were strongly associated with tumor histology. In adenocarcinoma (n = 50), gene copy number gains on chromosome 8q21-q24.3 (177 genes) were more frequent in long-term than in short-term survivors. In squamous cell carcinoma (n = 28), gains on chromosome 14q23.1-24.3 (133 genes) were associated with shorter survival, whereas losses in a neighboring region, 14q31.1-32.33 (110 genes), correlated with favorable outcome. In accordance with copy number gains and losses, messenger RNA expression levels of corresponding genes were increased or decreased, respectively. Conclusion: Comprehensive tumor profiling permits the integration of genomic, histologic, and clinical data. We identified gene copy number gains and losses, with corresponding changes in messenger RNA levels that were associated with prognosis in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
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