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| 2. |
- Löwhagen, Gun-Britt, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Proportion of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 among genital and extragenital HSV isolates.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta dermato-venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 82:2, s. 118-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been associated with orofacial infections and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) with genital infections. This tropism of the virus seems to have changed and in clinical reports an increasing number of genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 have been recognized. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, among isolates from different anatomical sites typed in our laboratory during the years 1994-1998. Out of a total of 3,085 anogenital isolates, 29% were typed as HSV-1 and 71% as HSV-2. The highest prevalence of HSV-1 was registered among isolates from young women. Of 631 orofacial isolates, 4% were typed as HSV-2 and 96% as HSV-1. Of 69 finger/hand isolates, 54% were typed as HSV-1 and 46% as HSV-2, and of 95 isolates from other regions (abdomen, foot, etc.), 60% were typed as HSV-1 and 40% as HSV-2. It was found that HSV-2 was as common as HSV-1 in the extra-genital regions with the exception of the orofacial area, in which HSV-2 was seldom detected. Furthermore, the study showed an increasing proportion of HSV-1 among anogenital isolates during the study period. Taken together, these results suggest that a clear HSV type-related tropism might be limited to the permissiveness of the orofacial region for HSV-1, and that both serotypes may readily establish infections below the neck.
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| 3. |
- Rekabdar, Elham, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Dichotomy of glycoprotein g gene in herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - 0095-1137. ; 40:9, s. 3245-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes 11 envelope glycoproteins, of which glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) induces a type-specific antibody response. Variability of the gG-1 gene among wild-type strains may be a factor of importance for a reliable serodiagnosis and typing of HSV-1 isolates. Here, we used a gG-1 type-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to screen for mutations in the immunodominant region of this protein in 108 clinical HSV-1 isolates. Of these, 42 isolates showed no reactivity to the anti-gG-1 MAb. One hundred five strains were further examined by DNA sequencing of the middle part of the gG-1 gene, encompassing 106 amino acids including the immunodominant region and epitope of the anti-gG-1 MAb. By phylogenetic comparisons based on the sequence data, we observed two (main) genetic variants of the gG-1 gene among the clinical isolates corresponding to reactivity or nonreactivity to the anti-gG-1 MAb. Furthermore, four strains appeared to be recombinants of the two gG-1 variants. In addition, one strain displayed a gG-1-negative phenotype due to a frameshift mutation, in the form of insertion of a cytosine nucleotide. When immunoglobulin G reactivity to HSV-1 in sera from patients infected with either of the two variants was investigated, no significant differences were found between the two groups, either in a type-common enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or in a type-specific gG-1 antigen-based ELISA. Despite the here-documented existence of two variants of the gG-1 gene affecting the immunodominant region of the protein, other circumstances, such as early phase of infection, might be sought for explaining the seronegativity to gG-1 commonly found in a proportion of the HSV-1-infected patients.
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| 4. |
- Tunbäck, Petra, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Glycoprotein G of herpes simplex virus type 1: identification of type-specific epitopes by human antibodies.
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Journal of general virology. - 0022-1317. ; 81:Pt 4, s. 1033-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serological diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections requires assays based on antigens that expose type-specific determinants. This study was designed to outline the B-cell epitopes of the type-specific glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) of HSV type 1 (HSV-1), by investigating the reactivity of human anti-gG-1 antibodies, purified from 21 HSV-1-isolation-proven patient sera, to cellulose-bound synthetic peptides spanning the entire gG-1 sequence. The epitope mapping demonstrated that these antibodies bound preferentially to antigenic determinants that localized to regions with a high degree of amino acid similarity to the corresponding glycoprotein in HSV-2, gG-2. In spite of this, the purified anti-gG-1 antibodies were found to be non-reactive to native gG-2 antigen, as well as to overlapping gG-2 peptides, thus supporting the role of gG-1 as a prototype HSV-1 type-specific antigen. One immunodominant region, delimited by amino acids 112-127, reacted with all purified anti-gG-1 antibodies and may be of interest for the further development of a peptide-based HSV-1 type-specific seroassay.
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| 5. |
- Tunbäck, Petra, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of herpes simplex virus antibodies in childhood and adolescence: a cross-sectional study.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 35:8, s. 498-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The changing spectrum of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections makes it important to define the seroepidemiology of HSV. The object of this study was to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies in a young Swedish population by investigating 2106 serum samples from people aged 0-19 y. Sera were tested in HSV type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) and glycoprotein G-2 (gG-2) as antigens. The overall seroprevalence was 31% (95% CI 29-33) for HSV-1 and 0.5% (95% CI 0.2-0.9) for HSV-2. The HSV-1 seroprevalence was higher with increasing age, and significantly higher in the age cohort 15-19 y compared with 1-4-y-olds (37% vs 24%). The HSV-1 infection seemed to be acquired early in life. In the age cohort 1-2 y, the prevalence was over 20%, presumably reflecting an established viral infection. In adolescence the HSV-1 seroprevalence may reflect both oral and sexual transmission. The seroprevalence in the oldest age cohort did not differ significantly from that seen in a Swedish study in which sera were sampled from young girls in the 1970s.
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