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- Vaicik, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Laminin alpha 4 Deficient Mice Exhibit Decreased Capacity for Adipose Tissue Expansion and Weight Gain
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to the increasing medical burdens related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion could lead to therapeutics that eliminate or reduce obesity-associated morbidity and mortality. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to regulate the development and function of numerous tissues and organs. However, there is little understanding of its function in adipose tissue. In this manuscript we describe the role of laminin alpha 4, a specialized ECM protein surrounding adipocytes, on weight gain and adipose tissue function. Adipose tissue accumulation, lipogenesis, and structure were examined in mice with a null mutation of the laminin alpha 4 gene (Lama4(+/+)) and compared to wild-type (Lama4(+/+)) control animals. Lama4(-/-) mice exhibited reduced weight gain in response to both age and high fat diet. Interestingly, the mice had decreased adipose tissue mass and altered lipogenesis in a depot-specific manner. In particular, epididymal adipose tissue mass was specifically decreased in knock-out mice, and there was also a defect in lipogenesis in this depot as well. In contrast, no such differences were observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue at 14 weeks. The results suggest that laminin alpha 4 influences adipose tissue structure and function in a depot-specific manner. Alterations in laminin composition offers insight into the roll the ECM potentially plays in modulating cellular behavior in adipose tissue expansion.
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- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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The gamma-400 space observatory : Status and perspectives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present design of the new space observatory GAMMA-400 is presented in this paper. The instrument has been designed for the optimal detection of gamma rays in a broad energy range (from ∼100 MeV up to 3 TeV), with excellent angular and energy resolution. The observatory will also allow precise and high statistic studies of the electron component in the cosmic rays up to the multi TeV region, as well as protons and nuclei spectra up to the knee region. The GAMMA-400 observatory will allow to address a broad range of science topics, like search for signatures of dark matter, studies of Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources, Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, gamma-ray bursts and charged cosmic rays acceleration and diffusion mechanism up to the knee.
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- Berggren, Vanja, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Infibulated women have an increased risk of anal sphincter tears at delivery : a population-based Swedish register study of 250 000 births
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:1, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the risk for anal sphincter tears (AST) in infibulated women. Design. Population-based cohort study. Setting. Nationwide study in Sweden. Population. The study population included 250 491 primiparous women with a vaginal singleton birth at 37–41 completed gestational weeks during 1999–2008. We only included women born in Sweden and in Africa. The African women were categorized into three groups; a Somalian-group, n = 929, where over 95% are infibulated; the Eritrea-Ethiopia-Sudan-group, n = 955, where the majority is infibulated, compared to other African countries, n = 1035, where few individuals are infibulated, but had otherwise similar anthropometric characteristics. These women were compared to 247 572 Swedish-born women. Methods. Register study with data from the National Medical Birth Registry. Main outcome measures. AST in non-instrumental and instrumental vaginal delivery. Results. Compared to Swedish-born women, women from Somalia had the highest odds ratio for AST in all vaginal deliveries: 2.72 (95% CI 2.08–3.54), followed by women from Eritrea-Ethiophia-Sudan 1.80 (1.41–2.32) and other African countries 1.23 (0.89–1.53) after adjustment for major risk factors. Mediolateral episiotomy was associated with a reduced risk of AST in instrumental deliveries. Conclusion. Delivering African women from countries where infibulation is common have an increased risk of AST compared with Swedish-born women, despite delivering in a highly technical quality healthcare setting. AST can cause anal incontinence and it is important to investigate risk factors for this and try to improve clinical routines during delivery to reduce the incidence of this complication.
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