| 1. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces
- 2015
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Ingår i: Creating Sustainable Work Environments. - : NEHF (Norwegian society for Ergonomics and Human Factors). - 9788299574754 ; , s. A3-11-A3-15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on differences in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.
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| 2. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces
- 2015
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Ingår i: NORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on different given in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.
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| 3. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The power of the dollhouse : Comparing the use of full-scale, 1:16-scale and virtual 3D-models for user evaluation of workstation design
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 68, s. 344-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benefits of having users evaluate product or workplace design during the development process are well known. This is often achieved by letting users interact with one or more models of the design proposal, in order to elicit feedback. The issue for product developers is to choose what type(s) of models to use (from paper drawings to physical or virtual mock-ups or fully working prototypes) and when to use them in the development process, while making optimal use of resources like time, money and personnel.This paper compares three types of simple three-dimensional (3D) models (1:1 scale, 1:16 scale and CAD) representing a ship bridge workstation, examining what kind of feedback they elicit in a design evaluation with representative users. Participants were asked to assess the proposed design and to compare the models' relative merits. The study found that while all three types of 3D models elicited several types of useful design feedback, there were differences in both quantity and content of the feedback elicited by each model type. The physical models elicited more feedback than the CAD model, both regarding content richness (direct and indirect design feedback) and quantity. The tangibility of the models seems to greatly influence acceptance and credibility.
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| 4. |
- Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Manual picking from flat and tilted pallet containers
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8219 .- 0169-8141. ; 64, s. 199-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manual picking operations commonly occur both in distribution settings and within manufacturing industry and may consume large proportions of the working day for operators, with associated potential problems of poor postural ergonomics and low time efficiency. As a remedy to such problems, alternative material layouts like tilted material pallets may be an attractive solution. This study provides quantitative empirical evidence comparing the relative merits and drawbacks of flat and tilted pallet configurations, with regard to physical ergonomic loading and time consumption. This was explored with an experimental setup at the site of an industrial company, where various representative picking operators were observed while emptying flat and tilted pallets. The observation was video recorded and subjected to a time study and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Results showed that there are differences in picking time and physical workload depending on where in the pallet the picking action takes place, and that flat and tilted pallets bring different postural opportunities and challenges for different operator percentiles in the working population. An overview of postural ergonomics consequences and their associated risk levels are shown, and the results serve to further increase the understanding of which factors are affected by choosing between a tilted or flat component presentation. This understanding is highly relevant to industry, where it can contribute to the design of both efficient and ergonomically sound processes for manual picking operations.
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| 5. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Involving users in a ship bridge re-design process using scenarios and mock-up models
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 53, s. 236-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The context for this study is the maritime domain and the design of shipboard workspaces. Due to the globalized nature of shipping, the traditional approach to a participative ergonomics process can be a logistical challenge since stakeholders like designers, manufacturers and operators are often scattered both geographically and organizationally.The participative design study presented in this paper addresses this challenge by exploring the ability of three types of simple three-dimensional (3D) models to act as mediating objects for representative users in order to elicit design feedback in a use scenario workshop format. The study found that all three types of 3D models, when coupled with a scenario description, elicited several types of useful design feedback that served not only as direct input to changing proposed design parameters, but also as an unprompted long-term learning opportunity for the design team to gain insight into the lives and challenges of their users, who both work and live on board.Relevance to industry: The paper presents a procedure for a participatory design process in the maritime domain where the involved stakeholders are geographically and organizationally dispersed. Mock-up models coupled with use scenario descriptions elicited useful design feedback and an unprompted long-term learning opportunity for the design team.
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| 6. |
- Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A Methodology to Align Core Manufacturing Capabilities with Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 69, s. 242-247
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do core business and manufacturing capabilities enable strategies for sustainable manufacturing, and what are those capabilities? This paper proposes a Capability Methodology for Sustainable Manufacturing (CMSM) for allowing top management of manufacturing companies to address these questions. A diagnostic tool was developed from three case studies based on a set of interview questions aimed at identifying core capabilities and sustainability issues in manufacturing companies. Interview data was coded and mapped through a relational matrix formulation that describes four archetypes for the development of sustainability strategies. The matrix maps the degree of complexity of the sustainability concept as understood by the company, and the scope of the product life cycle being considered. It is argued that the methodology helps bring awareness to managers of any gaps or mismatches between their actual core capabilities and the desired outcomes for sustainable manufacturing.
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| 7. |
- Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Prerequisites for a high-level framework to design sustainable plants in the e-waste supply chain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 29, s. 633-638
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently few attempts to properly structure knowledge that specifically supports a fully sustainable e-waste treatment system design have been proposed in literature. As a result, this paper sets up the prerequisites for a high-level framework to design sustainable plants in the supply chain of e-waste. The framework addresses production and environmental engineers mainly. The methodology grows out of literature studies, research project’s outcomes and interviews with a group of sector experts. Stemming from this, a list of prerequisites was presented for the case study of an automated plant for e-waste sorting in order to design it while considering the triple-bottom-line of sustainability.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Production system geometry assurance using 3D imaging
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 132-137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production systems evolve to accommodate new and redesigned products. These changes are planned offline in virtual tools, to reduce disturbances on ongoing production. Offline planning requires virtual models that correctly represent reality. Most models are "as-designed" and suffer from geometrical errors stemming from deployment alterations. Such errors are often discovered late in the next change process or during installation, making corrections expensive. Having geometry assured production systems and models eliminate one source of error during the production system change process. This paper evaluates 3D imaging and the C2M (cloud-to-mesh) algorithm for assessing the validity of virtual production system models.
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| 9. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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An Activity Centered Design framework for Determining Design Decision Levels in Production Systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 490, s. 455-463
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the ACD3-Production framework – a twodimensionalmodel whose purpose is to visualize and clarify the scope, impactand organizational position of design decisions. The abbreviation stands forActivity-Centered Design Decision Determination and is based on a similarframework for product development that supports design decision-making inproduct design. The framework characterizes design problems along the twodimensions of Abstraction levels and Design perspectives; it is postulated thatdesign decisions are made at the intersection of these, and that the productionsystem’s overarching purposes will propagate coherently down to the physicaldetailed design level if the design work follows the top-down process indicatedin the framework. ACD3-Production is visually represented in the form of amatrix that can facilitate discussions between design change agents, in order todetermine where in the production system there are problems, where specificeffects are desired, and where to implement a design change.
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| 10. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Change Agent Infrastructure (CHAI) – a Stakeholder Analysis Tool for Ergonomics- and Work Environment- Related Change Projects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 498:2017, s. 715-726
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a short communication introducing a novel method forstakeholder analysis, Change Agent Infrastructure (CHAI). The method isspecifically developed in the context of ergonomics/work environment-relatedchange projects and is meant for early stages of change projects. It mapspotential stakeholders against eight distinct “roles” that have been found inprevious research to facilitate or hinder workplace change. Mapping the“decision dilemmas” that stakeholders may face, as well as identifying over- orunderrepresented roles, may benefit the change project in terms of determininginformation needs and how the project team should be staffed. The method hasbeen iteratively developed and tested in educational and research projects. Themethod is visual, participative and helps to clarify the various participants’understanding of the change at hand and what it means for them – thiscontributes positively to information strategies and decisions that facilitates theplanning and execution of a sustainable change.
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